有尾噬菌体的结构及其受体研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1329

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着“超级耐药”细菌的不断出现和快速传播，噬菌体（细菌病毒）成为抗生素替代品研究的热点，是解决抗生素耐药难题、促进养殖业健康发展的新途径。噬菌体能够特异性裂解宿主菌是其发挥治疗功效的关键，然而噬菌体裂解细菌的特异性又取决于噬菌体受体结合蛋白与受体的识别与吸附。有尾噬菌体利用其受体结合蛋白（尾部纤维、尾钉和基板结构等）识别细菌表面受体（脂多糖、外膜蛋白、荚膜、鞭毛和菌毛等），最终将细菌裂解。本文综述了有尾噬菌体及其受体结合蛋白的类型和结构，以及噬菌体受体方面的研究进展，讨论了基于噬菌体与宿主菌互作研究基础上的噬菌体治疗制剂的选择策略，为后续深入研究噬菌体与其宿主菌互作机理、改造噬菌体和创制噬菌体生物杀菌制剂提供坚实的理论基础。

关键词: 有尾噬菌体, 结构, 受体结合蛋白, 受体

Abstract:

With the emergence and rapid spread of “super drug-resistant” bacteria, phages have become a research hot spot for antibiotic alternatives and a new way to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance and promote the healthy development of the farming industry. The key to the therapeutic role of phages is their ability of specifically lysing their host bacteria, while the specificity of phage lysis of bacteria depends on the recognition and adsorption of phage receptor-binding proteins to the receptor. Tailed bacteriophages use a broad range of receptor-binding proteins, such as tail fiber, tail spikes and the central tail spike, to target their cognate bacterial cell surface receptors lipopolysaccharide, outer membrane protein, capsule, flagella and pili, etc.，and finally the bacteria are lysed. In the present review, we systematically summarized the research advances in the types and structures of tailed bacteriophage and its receptors. We also discussed the selection strategies of phage therapeutic agents based on the research foundation of phage-host interaction mechanism. It is aimed to provide a solid theoretical foundation for the further study of the mechanism of interaction between phages and their host bacteria, modification of phages and creation of phage biocidal agents.

Key words: tailed bacteriophage, structure, receptor-binding protein, receptor

李托, 李陇平, 屈雷. 有尾噬菌体的结构及其受体研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(6): 88-101.

LI Tuo, LI Long-ping, QU Lei. Research Progress in the Structure of Tailed Bacteriophage and Its Receptors[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(6): 88-101.

图/表 3

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噬菌体类型 Phage type	特征 Features	噬菌体 Phage species	宿主细菌 Host bacterium	噬菌体受体结合蛋白 Receptor-binding protein	受体 Receptor	参考文献 References
肌尾科噬菌体 Myoviridae	具有长的可收缩尾巴 Long contractile tail	γ	炭疽杆菌Bacillus anthracis	尾部纤维	GamR	[61]
		A511	李斯特菌Listeria monocytogenes	尾部纤维	磷壁酸，肽聚糖	[62]
		φ812、φK	金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus	-	磷壁酸	[63]
长尾科噬菌体 Siphoviridae	具有长的不可收缩尾巴 Long non-contractile tail	IL-H	德氏乳酸杆菌 Lactobacillus delbrueckii	尾部纤维	磷壁酸	[64]
		SPP1	枯草芽孢杆菌B. subtilis	尾钉	YueB	[65]
		φSLT	金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus	中央尾尖	磷壁酸	[66]
短尾科噬菌体 Podoviridae	具有短的可收缩尾巴 Short contractile tail	phi29	枯草芽孢杆菌B. subtilis	尾钉	磷壁酸	[35]
短尾科噬菌体 Podoviridae	具有短的可收缩尾巴 Short contractile tail	P2	乳酸乳球菌Lactococcus lactis	尾部纤维	细胞壁	[67]

噬菌体类型 Phage type	特征 Features	噬菌体 Phage species	宿主细菌 Host bacterium	噬菌体受体结合蛋白 Receptor-binding protein	受体 Receptor	参考文献 References
肌尾科噬菌体 Myoviridae	具有长的可收缩尾巴 Long contractile tail	γ	炭疽杆菌Bacillus anthracis	尾部纤维	GamR	[61]
		A511	李斯特菌Listeria monocytogenes	尾部纤维	磷壁酸，肽聚糖	[62]
		φ812、φK	金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus	-	磷壁酸	[63]
长尾科噬菌体 Siphoviridae	具有长的不可收缩尾巴 Long non-contractile tail	IL-H	德氏乳酸杆菌 Lactobacillus delbrueckii	尾部纤维	磷壁酸	[64]
		SPP1	枯草芽孢杆菌B. subtilis	尾钉	YueB	[65]
		φSLT	金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus	中央尾尖	磷壁酸	[66]
短尾科噬菌体 Podoviridae	具有短的可收缩尾巴 Short contractile tail	phi29	枯草芽孢杆菌B. subtilis	尾钉	磷壁酸	[35]
短尾科噬菌体 Podoviridae	具有短的可收缩尾巴 Short contractile tail	P2	乳酸乳球菌Lactococcus lactis	尾部纤维	细胞壁	[67]