玉米产量性状的表观遗传调控机制和育种应用

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0378

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作物表型的多样性受到多方面因素的影响，其中表观遗传变异可以通过表观修饰调控基因表达来控制作物性状及胁迫响应，进而影响农作物产量。影响玉米产量的主要农艺性状包括株高、叶夹角、根系等株型因素。此外，生物胁迫和非生物胁迫、种质资源也是影响玉米产量的关键因素。作物中主要的表观调控方式包括组蛋白修饰、DNA修饰、RNA修饰、非编码RNA及染色质重构。本综述重点总结了表观遗传修饰对玉米主要产量性状的调控机制及表观遗传变化在作物品种改良中的重要性，并结合表观遗传编辑技术提出了提高玉米产量的表观育种新途径。

关键词: 表型, 表观遗传变异, 产量性状, 表观修饰, 表观编辑, 玉米, 育种

Abstract:

Crop phenotypic diversity is influenced by many factors, and epigenetic variation can control crop traits and stress response through epigenetic modification to regulate gene expressions, and then affect crop yield. The main agronomic traits affecting maize yield include plant height, leaf angle and root. In addition, germplasm resources, biotic stress and abiotic stress are also key factors affecting maize yield. The main epigenetic regulation modes in crops include histone modification, DNA modification, RNA modification, non-coding RNA and chromatin remodeling. In this review, the epigenetic mechanism of the main agronomic traits in maize is summarized from the perspective of epigenetic regulation, and the new strategy of epigenetics-mediated crop breeding（epibreeding）to improve maize yield is proposed in combination with CRISPR/Cas-based epigenome editing technology.

Key words: phenotype, epigenetic variation, yield-related traits, epigenetic modification, epigenome editing, maize, breeding

张道磊, 甘雨军, 乐亮, 普莉. 玉米产量性状的表观遗传调控机制和育种应用[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(8): 31-42.

ZHANG Dao-lei, GAN Yu-jun, LE Liang, PU Li. Epigenetic Regulation of Yield-related Traits in Maize and Epibreeding[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 31-42.

图/表 2

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类型Type	修饰相关酶Modification related enzymes	修饰Modification	参考文献Reference
甲基化酶Writer	HIZ1/2（Arabidopsis thaliana）	m⁶A	[69,82]
	MTA/B（Arabidopsis thaliana）
	FIP37（Arabidopsis thaliana）
	VIR（Arabidopsis thaliana）
	TRM4A/4B（Arabidopsis thaliana）	m⁵C	[78,80]
	OsNSUN1/2（Rice）
	PhTRMT61A（Petunia）	m¹A	[83]
去甲基化酶Eraser	ALKBH9B（Arabidopsis thaliana）	m⁶A	[84]
	ALKBH10B（Arabidopsis thaliana）
识别蛋白Reader	ECT2/ECT3/ECT4（Arabidopsis thaliana）	m⁶A	[68]
	CPSF30L（Arabidopsis thaliana）

类型Type	修饰相关酶Modification related enzymes	修饰Modification	参考文献Reference
甲基化酶Writer	HIZ1/2（Arabidopsis thaliana）	m⁶A	[69,82]
	MTA/B（Arabidopsis thaliana）
	FIP37（Arabidopsis thaliana）
	VIR（Arabidopsis thaliana）
	TRM4A/4B（Arabidopsis thaliana）	m⁵C	[78,80]
	OsNSUN1/2（Rice）
	PhTRMT61A（Petunia）	m¹A	[83]
去甲基化酶Eraser	ALKBH9B（Arabidopsis thaliana）	m⁶A	[84]
	ALKBH10B（Arabidopsis thaliana）
识别蛋白Reader	ECT2/ECT3/ECT4（Arabidopsis thaliana）	m⁶A	[68]
	CPSF30L（Arabidopsis thaliana）