玉米矮秆基因与矮秆育种研究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0504

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

株高是影响玉米株型和种植密度的重要农艺性状，培育耐密植的矮秆/半矮秆新品种可为增产做贡献。但目前多数矮秆突变体单株产量损失较大，难以在育种中应用。因此，探究玉米株高的调控机制、挖掘株高基因的优良等位变异，从而改善玉米株型结构、提高群体光能利用率、增强群体对水肥的耐性，对提高玉米产量尤为重要。本文综述了目前挖掘到的株高数量性状位点，阐述了株高相关基因主要受植物激素、微管结合蛋白以及成花因子调节；概述了Brachytic2（Br2）基因在玉米矮秆育种研究中的应用及其局限性；最后展望了矮秆有利等位基因及其分子标记和现代生物技术在矮秆种质资源创制中的重要价值。本文将为玉米株高的遗传机制解析以及矮秆玉米分子育种奠定基础。

关键词: 玉米, 矮秆, 分子机制, 育种

Abstract:

Plant height is an important agronomic trait which affects maize architecture and planting density. Breeding plants with dwarf/semi-dwarf architectures could tolerate high-density planting and contribute to yield increase. However, most dwarf mutants have severely reduced yield and are difficult to be applied in breeding. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the regulation mechanism of maize plant height and to find out the excellent allele variation in plant height genes. It can improve the plant-type of maize, increase the light use efficiency and enhance the tolerance of population to water and fertilizer. Here we reviewed the quantitative trait locus of plant height excavated so far. We also explained that the cloned genes related to plant height are mainly regulated by plant hormones, microtubule-associated proteins and flower factors. Then we summarized the application and limitations of brachytic2 gene in maize dwarf breeding research, and looked forward to the important value of dwarf favorable alleles and their molecular markers, as well as modern biotechnology in the creation of dwarf germplasm resources. These efforts will promote the research on the genetic mechanism of maize plant height, and provide reference for the molecular breeding of dwarf maize.

Key words: maize, dwarf, molecular mechanism, breeding

王天依, 王荣焕, 王夏青, 张如养, 徐瑞斌, 焦炎炎, 孙轩, 王继东, 宋伟, 赵久然. 玉米矮秆基因与矮秆育种研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(8): 43-51.

WANG Tian-yi, WANG Rong-huan, WANG Xia-qing, ZHANG Ru-yang, XU Rui-bin, JIAO Yan-yan, SUN Xuan, WANG Ji-dong, SONG Wei, ZHAO Jiu-ran. Research in Maize Dwarf Genes and Dwarf Breeding[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 43-51.

图/表 1

参考文献 70

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基因Gene	全称Full name	分子机制Molecular mechanism
An1^[11]	Anther ear1	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
An2^[12]	Anther ear2	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
Br2^[10]	Brachytic2	生长素极性运输 Polar auxin transport
Brd1^[13]	Brassinosteroid-deficient dwarf1	油菜素内酯合成 Brassinosteroid biosynthesis
BRI1a^[14]	Brassinosteroid insensitive1a	油菜素内酯信号转导 Brassinosteroid signaling
Bv1^[15]	Brevis plant1	生长素信号转导 Auxin transport
Cr4^[16]	Crinkly4	激素信号转导 Hormone signaling
Ct2^[17]	Compact plant2	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
D1^[18] D2^[19] D3^[20] D5^[19] D8^[21] D8-1023^[22] D9^[21]	Dwarf plant1 Dwarf plant 2 Dwarf plant 3 Dwarf plant 5 Dwarf plant 8 Dwarf8-1023 Dwarf plant9	赤霉素合成最后一步 The final step of bioactive GA synthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素信号转导 Gibberellin signaling 赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis 赤霉素信号转导 Gibberellin signaling
D11^[23]	Dwarf11	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
D2003^[24]	Dwarf2003	调控分生组织发育Regulate meristem development
Dil1^[25]	Dwarf & irregular leaf1	转录因子调控，影响激素通路基因表达Regulation of transori ptin factyr, affect the expression of genes related to hormonal pathways
GID1^[26]	Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf1	赤霉素信号转导Gibberellin signaling
Kn1^[27]	Knotted1	调控赤霉素分解代谢 Regulate of gibberellin catabolism
Lil1^[28]	Lilliputian1	油菜素内酯合成 Brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Na1^[29]	Nana plant1	油菜素内酯早期生物合成 Early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Na2^[30]	Nana plant2	油菜素内酯早期生物合成 Early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Rd2 Sdw3^[31]	Reduced plant2 Semidwarf3	赤霉素信号响应 Responds to gibberellin 乙烯生物合成 Ethylene biosynthesis
Tan1^[32]	Tangled1	调控细胞骨架排布Regulates cytoskeleton arrangement
Td1^[33] Te1^[34]	Thick tassel dwarf1 Terminal ear1	CLV-WUS途径 CLV-WUS pathway 生长素运输途径 Auxin transport pathway
Vt2^[35]	Vanishing tassel2	生长素合成途径 Auxin biosynthesis pathway
ZmCCD8^[36]	Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase8	独脚金内酯合成途径 Strigolactone biosynthesis pathway
ZmGLR^[37]	Glutamic acid and lysine-rich	油菜素内酯和生长素共同调控 Both brassinosteroid and auxin regulate
ZmGRF10^[38]	Growth-regulating factors10	转录因子，影响多种生物学途径 Transcription factor, affect multiple biological pathways
ZmPIN1a^[39]	PIN-formed1a	生长素极性运输 Polar auxin transport
ZmPHYC^[40] ZmRPH1^[41]	Phytochrome C Reducing plant height1	响应光周期 Response photoperiod 微管细胞骨架排布 Microtubule cytoskeleton arrangement

基因Gene	全称Full name	分子机制Molecular mechanism
An1^[11]	Anther ear1	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
An2^[12]	Anther ear2	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
Br2^[10]	Brachytic2	生长素极性运输 Polar auxin transport
Brd1^[13]	Brassinosteroid-deficient dwarf1	油菜素内酯合成 Brassinosteroid biosynthesis
BRI1a^[14]	Brassinosteroid insensitive1a	油菜素内酯信号转导 Brassinosteroid signaling
Bv1^[15]	Brevis plant1	生长素信号转导 Auxin transport
Cr4^[16]	Crinkly4	激素信号转导 Hormone signaling
Ct2^[17]	Compact plant2	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
D1^[18] D2^[19] D3^[20] D5^[19] D8^[21] D8-1023^[22] D9^[21]	Dwarf plant1 Dwarf plant 2 Dwarf plant 3 Dwarf plant 5 Dwarf plant 8 Dwarf8-1023 Dwarf plant9	赤霉素合成最后一步 The final step of bioactive GA synthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素早期合成 Early step in GA biosynthesis 赤霉素信号转导 Gibberellin signaling 赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis 赤霉素信号转导 Gibberellin signaling
D11^[23]	Dwarf11	赤霉素生物合成 Gibberellin biosynthesis
D2003^[24]	Dwarf2003	调控分生组织发育Regulate meristem development
Dil1^[25]	Dwarf & irregular leaf1	转录因子调控，影响激素通路基因表达Regulation of transori ptin factyr, affect the expression of genes related to hormonal pathways
GID1^[26]	Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf1	赤霉素信号转导Gibberellin signaling
Kn1^[27]	Knotted1	调控赤霉素分解代谢 Regulate of gibberellin catabolism
Lil1^[28]	Lilliputian1	油菜素内酯合成 Brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Na1^[29]	Nana plant1	油菜素内酯早期生物合成 Early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Na2^[30]	Nana plant2	油菜素内酯早期生物合成 Early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Rd2 Sdw3^[31]	Reduced plant2 Semidwarf3	赤霉素信号响应 Responds to gibberellin 乙烯生物合成 Ethylene biosynthesis
Tan1^[32]	Tangled1	调控细胞骨架排布Regulates cytoskeleton arrangement
Td1^[33] Te1^[34]	Thick tassel dwarf1 Terminal ear1	CLV-WUS途径 CLV-WUS pathway 生长素运输途径 Auxin transport pathway
Vt2^[35]	Vanishing tassel2	生长素合成途径 Auxin biosynthesis pathway
ZmCCD8^[36]	Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase8	独脚金内酯合成途径 Strigolactone biosynthesis pathway
ZmGLR^[37]	Glutamic acid and lysine-rich	油菜素内酯和生长素共同调控 Both brassinosteroid and auxin regulate
ZmGRF10^[38]	Growth-regulating factors10	转录因子，影响多种生物学途径 Transcription factor, affect multiple biological pathways
ZmPIN1a^[39]	PIN-formed1a	生长素极性运输 Polar auxin transport
ZmPHYC^[40] ZmRPH1^[41]	Phytochrome C Reducing plant height1	响应光周期 Response photoperiod 微管细胞骨架排布 Microtubule cytoskeleton arrangement