NH3和H2S除臭菌剂的制备及其对厨余垃圾堆肥除臭效果和机理探究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0277

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了缓解厨余垃圾因降解或腐烂产生的恶臭气体所造成的污染，本研究分别从污泥和厨余堆肥中分离筛选出8株对NH₃和H₂S具有除臭效果的菌株，混合制备成复合微生物除臭菌剂，研究其除臭效果、堆肥过程中的理化性质和微生物群落的变化。由响应面分析得出菌剂对于NH₄⁺-N降解率的最佳条件为温度27℃、pH 6.21、接种量14%时，NH₄⁺-N的降解率为92.55%；菌剂生成SO₄^2-的最佳条件是温度29℃、pH 6.61和接种量5%时，SO₄^2-的最大生成量为173.57 mg/L。厨余垃圾堆肥添加菌剂后NH₃的去除率为55.32%，H₂S的去除率为61.72%，同时含水率、C/N、pH均有降低，加速了堆体温度的上升，延长了高温持续时间。菌剂的添加有利于微生物群落结构的改变，增加了去除NH₃和H₂S的微生物丰度，加快了对NH₃和H₂S的代谢转化过程，抑制了NH₃和H₂S的释放，对于厨余垃圾恶臭气体的控制有着良好的应用潜力。

关键词: 微生物除臭剂, 筛选, NH₃, H₂S

Abstract:

In order to alleviate the pollution caused by the odor gas generated by the degradation or decay of kitchen waste, eight strains with deodorizing effect on NH₃ and H₂S were isolated and screened from sludge and kitchen waste compost, and mixed them to prepare a composite microbial deodorant. The deodorization effect, physicochemical properties and microbial community changes during composting were studied. The results from response surface analysis showed that the degradation rate of NH₄⁺-N was 92.55% under optimal temperature, pH and inoculum for NH₄⁺-N degradation rate were 27℃, 6.21 and 14%, respectively. The maximum yield of SO₄^2- was 173.57 mg/L when the optimal temperature, pH and inoculum for SO₄^2- production were 29℃, 6.61 and 5%, respectively. The removal rates of H₂S and NH₃ reached 61.72% and 55.32%, respectively after adding microbial agents in kitchen waste composting. Meanwhile, it reduced the water content, C/N and pH. Besides, it promoted the composting temperature rising, and extended the time of high temperature. In addition, the addition of bacterial agent is beneficial to the change of microbial community structure, increases the number of bacteria that remove ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, accelerates the metabolic transformation process of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, and suppresses the amount of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide released, which has promising application potential for the control of kitchen waste odor gases.

Key words: microbial deodorant, screening, NH₃, H₂S

崔若琪, 张玲悦, 江海溶, 张毓羚, 张明露, 任连海. NH₃和H₂S除臭菌剂的制备及其对厨余垃圾堆肥除臭效果和机理探究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(10): 311-322.

CUI Ruo-qi, ZHANG Ling-yue, JIANG Hai-rong, ZHANG Yu-ling, ZHANG Ming-lu, REN Lian-hai. Preparation of NH₃ and H₂S Deodorizing Microbial Agents and Their Deodorizing Effects and Mechanisms on Kitchen Waste Composting[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(10): 311-322.

图/表 10

表1 响应面分析因素和水平

Table 1 Response surface analysis factors and levels

因素 Factor	水平 Level
因素 Factor	-1	0	1
pH（A）	5	6.5	8
温度（B）Temperature/℃	20	27.5	35
接种量（C）Inoculation volume/%	1	10.5	20

表2 筛选结果及其降解率

Table 2 Screening results and degradation rates

类别 Category	菌株编号 Strain No.	降解率 Degradation rate/%
NH₃	X21	59.86
NH₃	J3	75.14
H₂S	X1	95.14
	X2	61.11
	X6	92.11
	X7	94.74
	X10	77.78
	X20	60.17
	X21	63.14
	X31	92.75
	X32	92.20
	X33	67.47
	DX6	58.10
	DX7	54.74
	DX13	55.50
	DX15	59.66
	DX19	50.86
	DX20	77.76

表3 BOX-Behnken响应面实验设计及结果

Table 3 Design and results of BOX-Behnken response surface experiment

项目编号 No.	A	B	C	Y1	Y2
项目编号 No.	温度 Temperature/℃	pH	接种量Inoculation volume/%	NH₄⁺-N降解率NH₄⁺-N degradation rate/%	SO₄^2-生成量SO₄^2-generation/mg
1	35	6.5	1.0	32.81	85.04
2	35	8.0	10.5	27.24	120.23
3	27.5	6.5	10.5	96.66	176.93
4	35	5.0	10.5	54.38	77.22
5	20	6.5	1.0	23.29	87.00
6	27.5	6.5	10.5	93.63	180.84
7	27.5	6.5	10.5	93.75	190.62
8	27.5	8.0	1.0	54.38	143.70
9	20	8.0	10.5	20.38	94.82
10	27.5	5.0	20	96.02	145.65
11	27.5	6.5	10.5	61.41	188.66
12	35	6.5	20	40.81	126.10
13	27.5	5.0	1.0	94.76	128.05
14	27.5	8.0	20	94.85	128.05
15	20	6.5	20	44.60	79.18
16	20	5.0	10.5	25.94	83.09
17	27.5	6.5	10.5	94.49	186.71

图1 三因素对NH4+-N降解率和SO42-生成量的响应面图 A：温度和pH对NH4+-N的响应曲面图；B：温度和接种量对NH4+-N的响应曲面图；C：pH和接种量对NH4+-N的响应曲面图；D：温度和pH对SO42-的响应曲面图；E：温度和接种量对SO42-的响应曲面图；F：pH和接种量对SO42-的响应曲面图

Fig. 1 Response surface plot of three factors on NH4+-N degradation rate and SO42- production A: Response surface plots of temperature and pH to NH4+-N. B: Response surface plots of temperature and inoculation amount to NH4+-N. C: Response surface plot of pH and inoculation amount to NH4+-N. D: Response surface plots of temperature and pH to SO42-. E: Response surface plots of temperature and inoculation amount to SO42-. F: Response surface plot of pH and inoculation amount to SO42-

图2 NH3和H2S的累积排放量

Fig. 2 Cumulative emissions of NH3 and H2S

图3 堆肥过程中温度、pH、C/N和含水率的变化

Fig. 3 Changes of temperature，pH，C/N and moisture content during composting

图4 堆肥样品中门水平微生物群落组成 K1-K19, S1-19分别为空白组与实验组第1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19 天堆肥样品，下同

Fig. 4 Composition of microbial community at phylum level in compost samples K1-K19 and S1-S19 are the compost samples on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 for the blank group and the experimental group, respectively. The same below

图5 堆肥样品中属水平微生物群落组成

Fig. 5 Composition of microbial community at genus level in compost samples

图6 不同堆肥样品NMDS分析

Fig. 6 NMDS analysis of different compost samples

图7 功能基因KEGG统计

Fig. 7 KEGG statistics of functional genes

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NH₃和H₂S除臭菌剂的制备及其对厨余垃圾堆肥除臭效果和机理探究

Preparation of NH₃ and H₂S Deodorizing Microbial Agents and Their Deodorizing Effects and Mechanisms on Kitchen Waste Composting

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