解磷菌C9对红花生长发育和药用成分的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究红花根际土壤中高效解磷细菌的溶磷特性及其对红花生长、有效成分积累和根际微环境的调控机制，为提升红花绿色高效栽培提供依据。方法以红花根际土壤为研究对象，通过无机磷选择培养基筛选优势解磷菌株C9，利用抗性菌株评估定殖能力；进一步通过生理生化特性分析、溶磷能力测定、生长曲线拟合及16S rDNA分子鉴定明确菌株特性。采用盆栽试验，以白、黄、红3种花色的红花为材料，通过灌根法施加菌肥，动态监测植株生物量、花丝主要活性成分、根际土壤理化性质及菌株促生指标。结果从红花根际土壤中筛选获得一株高效解磷菌株C9，经鉴定为革兰氏阴性荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）。该菌株对磷酸钙和磷酸锌表现出较强的溶解能力，其溶磷量与培养基pH值降低呈负相关。盆栽试验表明，Rif-C9菌株可稳定定殖于红花根际，显著促进白、黄、红3种花色红花的生长，其中单株有效果球数分别提高28.24%、37.36%、26.98%，并同步使3种花色花丝中羟基红花黄色素A（HSYA）和山柰酚（KF）含量分别提升51.5%、34.7%、13.4%和183.3%、300.0%、133.3%。施用Rif-C9菌肥后，根际土壤pH值降低，土壤全氮、有机质和有效磷含量分别显著增加7.64%‒18.56%、15.74%‒29.94%和4.34%‒8.32%，且菌株能够分泌生长素（IAA），协同改善根际微生态，从而驱动红花生长与有效成分的积累。结论荧光假单胞菌Rif-C9具有高效溶磷能力，可通过酸化根际微环境、释放可溶性磷及分泌IAA，显著促进红花生长发育、提升药用成分含量并改良土壤肥力。

关键词: 根际土壤解磷菌, 红花, 荧光假单胞菌, 促生, 有效成分, 根际定殖, 土壤肥力, 羟基红花黄色素A

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the phosphate-solubilizing characteristics of a highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere soil of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), as well as its regulatory effects on safflower growth, accumulation of active components, and the rhizosphere microenvironment. The goal was to provide a scientific basis for improving sustainable and high-efficiency safflower cultivation. Method Rhizosphere soil of C. tinctorius was used to screen for dominant phosphate-solubilizing strains on inorganic phosphorus selective medium. The colonization ability of the selected strain C9 was evaluated using resistant strain markers. The strain was further characterized by physiological and biochemical analysis, phosphate solubilization assays, growth curve fitting, and 16S rDNA molecular identification. Pot experiments were conducted using three safflower varieties with white, yellow, and red flowers. Bacterial fertilizer was applied via root irrigation, and plant biomass, major active components in the florets, physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil, and plant growth-promoting indexes were dynamically monitored. Result A highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterium, designated C9, was isolated from safflower rhizosphere soil and identified as the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Strain Rif-C9 showed strong solubilizing activity against calcium phosphate and zinc phosphate, and the amount of phosphate solubilized was negatively correlated with a decrease in culture medium pH. Pot experiments demonstrated that strain Rif-C9 stably colonized the safflower rhizosphere and significantly promoted the growth of all three flower-color varieties (white, yellow, and red). Specifically, the number of effective fruiting heads per plant increased by 28.24%, 37.36%, and 26.98%, respectively. Meanwhile, the contents of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in the florets increased by 51.5%, 34.7%, and 13.4%, and the contents of kaempferol (KF) increased by 183.3%, 300.0%, and 133.3%, respectively, for the white, yellow, and red flower varieties. Application of the Rif-C9-based bacterial fertilizer led to a decrease in rhizosphere soil pH and significant increases in total nitrogen, organic matter, and available phosphorus contents by 7.64%–18.56%, 15.74%–29.94%, and 4.34%–8.32%, respectively. Furthermore, strain Rif-C9 was capable of secreting indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which synergistically improved the rhizosphere microecology, thereby promoting safflower growth and the accumulation of active components. Conclusion P. fluorescens Rif-C9 possesses highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing capacity. It significantly promotes safflower growth and development, enhances the content of medicinal components, and improves soil fertility by acidifying the rhizosphere microenvironment, releasing soluble phosphorus, and secreting IAA.

Key words: phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere soil, safflower, Pseudomonas fluorescens, growth promotion, active components, rhizosphere colonization, soil fertility, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA)

赵丫, 菲若拉·帕力哈提, 温欣荣, 马伟, 孙可心, 覃书伟, 孙宝明, 刘悦, 曹爱萍. 解磷菌C9对红花生长发育和药用成分的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(9): 248-261.

ZHAO Ya, FEIRUOLA Palihati, WEN Xin-rong, MA Wei, SUN Ke-xin, QIN Shu-wei, SUN Bao-ming, LIU Yue, CAO Ai-ping. Effects of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacterium C9 on the Growth， Development， and Medicinal Components of Safflower[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(9): 248-261.

图/表 11

表1 解磷菌可溶性指数

Table 1 Solubility index of phosphate solubilizing bacteria

菌株 Strain	D （cm）	d （cm）	D/d
C1	1.750	1.033	1.705±0.161cde
C2	2.15	0.783	2.748±0.163b
C3	1.367	1.133	1.206±0.028h
C4	1.283	1.117	1.150±0.028h
C5	1.700	0.950	1.792±0.084c
C6	1.683	1.000	1.704±0.179cde
C7	1.817	1.033	1.761±0.068cd
C8	1.883	1.117	1.691±0.095de
C9	2.183	0.683	3.198±0.095a
C10	1.250	0.933	1.341±0.045gh
C11	1.800	1.167	1.544±0.046ef
C12	1.717	1.150	1.495±0.069fg
C13	1.850	1.133	1.634±0.049de
C15	1.250	0.967	1.293±0.027gh

图1 菌株C9和Rif-C9的形态特征A、D：解磷圈；B、E：菌落形态；C、F：革兰氏染色（100×）

Fig. 1 Morphological characteristics of strains C9 and Rif-C9A, D: Phosphate-solubilizing halo. B, E: Colony morphology. C, F: Gram staining (100×)

表2 解磷菌株的生理生化特性

Table 2 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of phosphate-solubilizing strains

项目 Item	C9	Rif-C9
兼性需氧 Facultative aerobic	+	+
革兰氏染色 Gram staining	-	-
接触酶试验 Catalase test	+	+
甲基红试验 Methyl red test	-	-
V-P试验 V-P test	-	-
脲酶试验Urease test	-	-
产IAA试验 IAA production test	+	+
产吲哚试验 Indole production test	-	-
色氨酸脱氨酶 Tryptophan deaminase	-	-
淀粉水解 Hydrolysis of starch	-	-
明胶液化 Gelatin liquefaction	-	-
产H₂S试验 H₂S production test	-	-

图2 菌株C9和Rif-C9生长特征与系统发育分析A：菌株C9、Rif-C9的生长曲线；B：菌株C9系统发育树；分支节点处显示基于1 000次重复抽样、自举值>50%的支持率

Fig. 2 Growth characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of strains C9 and Rif-C9A: Growth curves of strains C9 and Rif-C9. B: Phylogenetic tree of strain C9. Bootstrap values (based on 1 000 replicates) greater than 50% are shown at the nodes

图3 不同难溶磷化合物培养液中可溶性磷含量及pH值显著性差异通过Duncan新复极差法确定；不同字母表示差异显著（P<0.05），下同

Fig. 3 Soluble phosphorus content and pH value in different insoluble phosphorus compound culture mediaSignificant differences were determined by Duncan’s new multiple range test. Different letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05. The same below

图4 菌株Rif-C9在不同花色红花根际的定殖能力W：白色；Y：黄色；R：红色。下同

Fig. 4 Colonization ability of strain Rif-C9 in the rhizosphere of safflower with different flower colorsW: White; Y: yellow; R: red. The same below

图5 菌株Rif-C9对红花生长发育的影响A‒D：分别为Rif-C9菌株接种14、28、80 d和盛花期农艺性状

Fig. 5 Impact of strain Rif-C9 on the growth and development of safflowerA‒D: Agronomic traits of safflower at 14, 28, 80 d and flowering stage after inoculation with strain Rif-C9

图6 Rif-C9菌株对3种花色红花花丝有效成分的影响A‒C：白色红花花丝形态、羟基红花黄色素A（HSYA）含量及山萘酚（KF）含量；D‒F：黄色红花花丝形态、HSYA含量及KF含量；G‒I：红色红花花丝形态、HSYA含量及KF含量；*表示显著相关（* P<0.05，** P <0.01，*** P <0.001，**** P <0.000 1）

Fig. 6 Effect of strain Rif-C9 on the active components of safflower filaments with three flower colorsA‒C: Filament morphology, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and kaempferol (KF) contents of white safflower. D‒F: Filament morphology, HSYA and KF contents of yellow safflower. G‒I: Filament morphology, HSYA and KF contents of red safflower. * indicates significant correlation (* P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, **** P<0.000 1)

图7 Rif-C9菌株对3种花色红花根际土壤理化性质的影响

Fig. 7 Effect of strain Rif-C9 on the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil of safflower with three flower colors

图8 解磷菌菌株培养液中可溶性磷含量及pH动态变化A：解磷菌株NBRIP培养液中可溶性磷含量动态变化；B：解磷菌株NBRIP培养液中pH动态变化；C：NBRIP培养液中可溶性磷含量与pH的线性关系；*表示显著相关（P<0.000 1）

Fig. 8 Dynamic changes in soluble phosphorus content and pH in the culture medium of phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strainsA: Dynamic changes in soluble phosphorus content in NBRIP culture medium of a phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain. B: Dynamic changes in pH in NBRIP culture medium of a phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain. C: Linear relationship between soluble phosphorus content and pH in NBRIP culture medium. * indicated significant correlation (P<0.000 1)

图9 菌株C9及Rif-C9的生长素（IAA）分泌情况

Fig. 9 IAA secretion of strain C9 and Rif-C9

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