产铁载体细菌对石灰性紫色土壤中花生的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0984

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的石灰性土壤铁（Fe）有效性低导致植物缺Fe问题突出。细菌分泌的铁载体可螯合土壤中的Fe，促进植物吸收Fe，产铁载体细菌是否能缓解石灰性紫色土壤中花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）缺铁问题需要探明。方法利用CAS（Chrome Azurol S）平板分离产铁载体细菌，通过16S rRNA基因测序鉴定细菌，测试细菌产铁载体最佳培养时间、酸碱抗性及酸碱胁迫下产铁载体能力，并将耐碱高产铁载体菌株接种到石灰性紫色土壤大田中的花生根周围，测定其对花生Fe含量、光合作用、生长、生物量的影响。结果从石灰性紫色土壤中分离到6株产铁载体细菌，产铁载体峰值和对应的培养时间各不相同。筛选出耐碱且高产铁载体细菌为假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.）B3-10和B3-2、贪铜菌（Cupriavidus sp.）B3-22'，其产铁载体的峰值分别为290.2、137.5、253.5 mg/L，在碱性（pH 8）条件下产铁载体的浓度分别为120.1、66.4和86.4 mg/L，说明碱性环境对细菌产铁载体有抑制作用。在石灰性紫色土壤大田中，3株产铁载体细菌可不同程度地促进花生生长，使花生植株地下部Fe含量、叶片光合作用强度、花生产量分别增加69.4%-155.3%、9.6%-11.9%、27.5%-52.9%，其中B3-10使花生地下部和地上部Fe含量、地下部和地上部干重分别增加155.3%和18.8%、62.1%和48.1%。结论石灰性紫色土壤中含有产铁载体能力的细菌，但碱性条件可抑制细菌产铁载体，筛选得到兼具耐碱和高产铁载体的假单胞菌B3-10对花生的促Fe增产作用显著，是改善石灰性土壤花生缺Fe症状的良好菌株，为进一步利用产铁载体细菌改良石灰性紫色土壤Fe有效性低的问题提供理论依据和菌株资源。

关键词: 产铁载体细菌, 铁, 花生, 石灰性紫色土, 促生作用

Abstract:

Objective The low availability of iron (Fe) in calcareous soil leads to the prominent problem of Fe deficiency in plants. The siderophore-producing bacteria can chelate iron in the soil to promote Fe uptake of plants. Whether siderophore-producing bacteria can alleviate the problem of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) iron deficiency in calcareous purple soil needs to be investigated. Method Siderophore-producing bacteria were isolated using CAS (Chrome Azurol S) plates and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The optimal cultivation time for siderophore production, the acid-alkali tolerance and the capacity to secrete siderophore under acid-alkali stress of each strain were determined. Alkali-tolerant strains showing high siderophore yield were selected to inoculate around the peanut rhizosphere in a calcareous purple soil field. Effects of the siderophore-producing bacteria inoculant on peanut Fe content, photosynthesis, growth status and biomass were measured. Result Six siderophore-producing bacteria were isolated from the calcareous purple soil, and their siderophore secretion peaks and corresponding cultivation time were different. The alkali-tolerant and high siderophore-producing bacteria were Pseudomonas B3-10 and B3-2 and Cupriavidus B3-22', and their siderophore peaks respectively reached 290.2, 137.5 and 253.5 mg/L, while the concentrations dropped to 120.1, 66.4 and 86.4 mg/L in the pH 8 medium, respectively, which indicated that the alkaline stress inhibited bacterial siderophore-producing. In calcareous purple soil fields, the three strains of B3-10, B3-2 and B3-22' promoted peanut growth to varying degrees, and increased the underground Fe content, leaf photosynthesis intensity and peanut yield by 69.4%-155.3%, 9.6%-11.9% and 27.5%-52.9%, respectively. B3-10 respectively increased the Fe content in the underground part and aboveground part, and the dry weight of the underground part and aboveground part by 155.3%, 18.8%, 62.1% and 48.1%. Conclusion There are abundant siderophore-producing bacteria in the calcareous purple soil, but the alkaline condition inhibits bacteria producing siderophore. Pseudomonas B3-10 with alkali-tolerance and high siderophore-producing ability shows a significant effect on promoting Fe absorption and increasing production of peanut. It is a good strain for alleviating Fe deficiency symptoms in the calcareous soils. This study provides both theoretical support and microbial resource for enhancing Fe availability in the calcareous purple soil through applying the siderophore-producing bacteria.

Key words: siderophore-producing bacteria, iron, peanut, calcareous purple soil, growth-promoting effect

何启露, 田卓, 邓静, 李俊杨, 杨汶霖, 刘湘, 余秀梅. 产铁载体细菌对石灰性紫色土壤中花生的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(2): 188-196.

HE Qi-lu, TIAN Zhuo, DENG Jing, LI Jun-yang, YANG Wen-lin, LIU Xiang, YU Xiu-mei. Effect of Siderophore-producing Bacteria on Peanut in the Calcareous Purple Soil[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(2): 188-196.

图/表 6

图1 产铁载体细菌的系统发育树括号中的数字表示序列在GenBank中的登录号

Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree of siderophore-producing bacteriaThe numbers in parentheses indicate the accession number of the sequence in GenBank

图2 产铁载体细菌的生长曲线和产铁载体曲线

Fig. 2 Growth curves and siderophore curves of siderophore-producing bacteria

图3 不同pH下产铁载体细菌的生长曲线

Fig. 3 Growth curves of siderophore-producing bacteria at different pH

图4 不同pH下产铁载体细菌的生长曲线和产铁载体曲线

Fig. 4 Growth curves and siderophore curves of siderophore-producing bacteria at different pH

图5 产铁载体细菌对花生植株铁含量及叶绿素相对含量的影响不同小写字母代表显著性差异（P<0.05）

Fig. 5 Effects of siderophore-producing bacteria on iron content and relative chlorophyll content of peanut plantsDifferent lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05)

表1 产铁载体细菌对花生生长的影响

Table 1 Effects of siderophore-producing bacteria on peanut growth

处理 Treatment	根长 Root length （cm）	株高 Plant height （cm）	地下部干重 Underground dry weight （g）	地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight （g）	产量 Yield （kg/hm²）
CK	15.67±6.66a	42.67±1.61b	0.87±0.07b	7.55±0.14b	3761.25±123.84c
B3-10	13.27±0.63a	51.23±1.31a	1.41±0.41a	11.18±1.33a	5692.25±193.12a
B3-22'	14.42±1.59a	46.08±4.63ab	1.36±0.21a	8.60±1.32b	4794.00±117.20b
B3-2	15.25±2.38a	47.08±2.43ab	1.00±0.13ab	7.49±1.31b	5750.25±101.32a

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