Screening and Identification of Broad-spectrum Antagonistic Bacterial Strains Against Vegetable Soft Rot Pathogen and Its Control Effects

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1349

Abstract

Abstract:

To obtain a broad-spectrum biocontrol strain with high efficiency against vegetable soft rot bacteria, in this study, a biocontrol strain DJ1 with good inhibition effect on three pathogens was screened from vegetable rhizosphere soil by the method of bacteriostasis circle, using soft rot pathogen of Chinese cabbage Pectobacterium carotovorum BC2, onion Burkholderia gladioli YC1 and baby cabbage Pseudomonas sp. WWC2 as the targets. Antagonistic strains were isolated and screened from vegetable rhizosphere soil by gradient dilution and bacteriostatic zone method. Through morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the species of the biocontrol strains were identified, and their the growth characteristics were studied. The Oxford Cup method was used to determine the bacteriostasis of the biocontrol strains on 3 strains of soft rot and 3 strains of human pathogenic bacteria, and the plate confrontation method to determine the bacteriostasis on 8 strains of plant pathogenic fungi. Needling inoculation method was applied to determine the control effect on vegetables leaves in vitro and field, and X-gal chromogenic method to determine the degradation activities of quorum-sensing signal factors against Chinese cabbage soft rot pathogen. The growth characteristics of the strain, its ability to degrade quorum sensing signal factors, its bacteriostatic spectrum and its field control effect on soft rot of Chinese cabbage were studied. The results showed that 18 antagonistic strains were selected from 1 012 bacteria isolated from 20 soil samples, among which 1 biocontrol strain DJ1 had antibacterial activity against 3 soft rot pathogens YC1, BC2 and WWC2. The antibacterial zone diameters were（10.60±0.20）,（6.92±0.56）and（3.92±0.16）mm, respectively. The strain DJ1 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. The optimal growth temperature of strain DJ1 was 30℃, and it had good salt tolerance and grew under 1%-5% NaCl. It had the ability to degrade the quorum-sensing signaling factors of Chinese cabbage, and inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and 8 plant pathogenic fungi. The 1×10⁸ CFU/mL of bacterial solution was 84.30%, 60.21% and 69.96% in vitro against soft rot of Chinese cabbage, onion and baby cabbage, respectively, and 79.91% in field. Therefore, B. velezensis DJ1 presents potential application in the control of vegetable soft rot.

Key words: vegetables, soft rot pathogens, antagonistic bacteria, screening, control effect, Bacillus velezensis, identification, bacteriostasis

MA Jun-xiu, WU Hao-qiong, JIANG Wei, YAN Geng-xuan, HU Ji-hua, ZHANG Shu-mei. Screening and Identification of Broad-spectrum Antagonistic Bacterial Strains Against Vegetable Soft Rot Pathogen and Its Control Effects[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 228-240.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Inhibitions of the antagonistic strains against soft rot pathogens YC1, BC2, and WWC2

菌株 Bacterium	抑菌圈直径 Inhibition zone/mm
菌株 Bacterium	YC1	BC2	WWC2
DJ1	10.60 ± 0.20 a	6.92 ± 0.56 a	3.92 ± 0.16 a
MC1	8.32 ± 0.32 b	6.18 ± 0.24 ab	0.00 ± 0.00 b
SD2	4.72 ± 0.31 c	5.30 ± 0.26 b	0.00 ± 0.00 b
TD1	8.32 ± 0.82 b	5.26 ± 0.36 b	0.00 ±0.00 b
XHS1	9.16 ± 0.17 b	6.96 ± 0.22 ab	0.00 ± 0.00 b
SD1	10.66 ± 0.45 a	5.4 ± 0.21 b	0.00 ± 0.00 b

Fig. 1 Inhibitory zone effect of the antagonistic strains against soft rot pathogens YC1, BC2, and WWC2

Fig. 2 Morphology of strain DJ1（LB medium） A: Gram staining. B: Colony on LB plate

Table 2 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain DJ1

项目 Item	DJ1	文献 Referrence
海藻糖 Trehalose	-	+^[35]
山梨醇 Sorbitol	+	+^[35]
甘露醇 Mannitol	+	+^[35]
纤维素分解 Cellulose decomposition	-	-^[35]
吲哚反应 Indole reaction	-	-^[35]
丙二酸盐利用 Malonate utilization	+	+^[35]
柠檬酸盐利用 Citrate utilization	-	-^[35]
明胶液化 Gelatin liquefaction	+	+^[35]
果糖 Fructose	+	+^[35]
蔗糖 Sucrose	+	+^[35]
葡萄糖氧化发酵 Oxidative fermentation of glucose	+	+^[36]
石蕊牛奶 Litmus milk	+	+^[36]
接触酶 Contact enzyme	+	+^[36]
硝酸盐还原 Nitrate reduction	+	-^[36]
V-P试验 V-P test	+	+^[36]
淀粉水解 Starch hydrolysis	+	+^[36]
硫化氢 Hydrogen sulfide	-	-^[36]
甲基红试验 Methyl red test	-	-^[37]
1%-5% NaCl	+	*
7% NaCl	-	*
10% NaCl	-	*
4℃	-	*
22-42℃	+	*
30℃	最适生长	*

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic tree of strain DJ1

Fig. 4 Antibacterial activities of strain DJ1 against soft rot pathogen of Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa var. glabra）, onion（Allium cepa）, and baby cabbage（Brassica pekinensis）in vitro 1: Control group. 2: BC2, YC1 and WWC2 treatment group. 3: DJ1 treatment group.（A is Chinese cabbage, B is onion, and C is baby cabbage）

Fig. 5 Control efficacy of strain DJ1 against soft rot pathogen of Chinese cabbage, onion, and baby cabbage in vitro Different lower letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. The same below

Fig. 6 Degradation activity of antagonistic bacteria on the quorum sensing signal factors of soft rot pathogen of Chinese cabbage A: Only 5 μmol/L signal factors control group. B: Treatment group added with strain DJ1. 1 and 2 is N-caproyl-L-homoserine lactone and N-3-ox-hexamyl-homoserine lactone respectively

Fig. 7 Inhibitory effects of strain DJ1 against different pathogenic fungi z1: R. solani. z2: A. oryzae. z3: F. oxysporium. z4: P. oryzae. z5: C. gloeosporioides. z6: F. graminearum. z7: F. moniliforme. z8: B. cinerea

Table 3 Inhibitory effects of strain DJ1 against different pathogenic bacteria

病原细菌 Pathogenic bacterium	抑菌圈直径 Inhibitive zone/mm
大肠杆菌 E. coli	3.27 ± 0.12 a
金黄色葡萄球菌 S. aureus	1.63 ± 0.26 b
绿脓杆菌 P. aeniginasa	0.00 ± 0.00 c

Fig. 8 Control effects of strain DJ1 against the soft rot pathogen BC2 of Chinese cabbage in field plots A: BC2 treatment group. B: DJ1 treatment group

Table 4 Control effects of strain DJ1 against the soft rot pathogen BC2 of Chinese cabbage in field plots

处理 Treatment	病情指数 Disease index	防效 Control efficacy/%
对照CK	66.89 ± 2.38	—
DJ1	13.48 ± 1.68	79.91 ± 2.08

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