Effects of Applying Biochar on the Rhizosphere Fungal Community and Survival Rate of Panax notoginseng Under Continuous Cropping

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1358

Abstract

Abstract:

Fungal community composition and diversity are important indicators for soil health. In order to explore the effects of biochar on the soil fungal community of Panax notoginseng under continuous cropping, biochar was applied at 0, 12, and 15 t/ha（T0, T1, and T2）to the soil which has cultivated P. notoginseng for 10 years. After transplanting for 18 months, soil fungal diversity and the abundance of pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum in the rhizosphere of P. notoginseng under different treatments were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and qPCR technology. Moreover, the correlations between soil physicochemical factors and changes in fungal community, and the effects of biochar on the survival rate of P. notoginseng were explored. The results showed that soil pH, NO₃^--N, and available potassium（AK）contents in the rhizosphere soil increased by 6.5%, 13.6%, and 40.3% respectively under T2 treatment, however, soil NH₄⁺-N content decreased by 21.2%. Biochar application significantly increased fungal α diversity and altered fungal community composition. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota significantly increased under biochar treatment. At the genus level, while the relative abundance of Fusarium decreased, the relative abundance of Mortierella increased significantly（P<0.05）, qPCR analysis showed that the abundance of pathogenic F. oxysporum significantly decreased with biochar application（P<0.05）. The survival rate of P. notoginseng increased by 24.0% under T2 treatment, which was positively correlated with soil pH, fungal α diversity, and relative abundance of Mortierella, but negatively correlated with NH₄⁺-N content and F. oxysporum abundance（P<0.05）. Therefore, the application of biochar improved soil physicochemical properties, changed soil fungal community, increased the abundance of beneficial fungi, and decreased the abundance of pathogenic F. oxysporum, which effectively increased the survival rate of P. notoginseng under continuous cropping. Our data indicated that biochar was effective to reduce the replant problem of P. notoginseng.

Key words: Panax notoginseng, continuous cropping obstacle, soil nutrients, rhizosphere microorganisms, Fusarium oxysporum

ZHAO Lin-yan, XU Wu-mei, WANG Hao-ji, WANG Kun-yan, WEI Fu-gang, YANG Shao-zhou, GUAN Hui-lin. Effects of Applying Biochar on the Rhizosphere Fungal Community and Survival Rate of Panax notoginseng Under Continuous Cropping[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 219-227.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Effects of biochar application on the soil physicochemical properties under continuous cropping of P. notoginseng

土壤因子	T0	T1	T2
pH	6.44±0.02^b	6.75±0.06^a	6.86±0.03^a
EC/（μS·cm^-1）	123.00±15.90^a	144.25±14.34^a	120.50±16.06^a
NH₄⁺-N/（mg·kg^-1）	6.73±0.39^a	5.84±0.28^ab	5.30±0.21^b
NO₃^--N/（mg·kg^-1）	11.31±0.93^b	15.93±0.33^a	12.85±0.43^ab
AP/（mg·kg^-1）	25.31±7.54^a	31.88±1.81^a	23.30±1.61^a
AK/（mg·kg^-1）	177.37±12.07^b	261.44±13^a	250.56±10.7^a
OM/（g·kg^-1）	12.98±1.06^ab	13.91±0.39^ab	11.80±0.44^b

Fig. 1 Fungal OTU richness in the rhizosphere soil of P. notoginseng under the treatments with different biochar application amounts A: The numbers of shared and unique OTUs; B: rarefied OTU richness. Different letters marked indicate significant difference, the same below

Fig. 2 α-diversity index of soil fungi in the rhizosphere of P. notoginseng and its correlation with soil pH under the treatments with different biochar application amounts

Fig. 3 Relative abundance of soil fungi at the phylum level in the rhizosphere of P. notoginseng under the treatments with different biochar application amounts

Fig. 4 Relative abundances of Mortierella and Fusarium, and the abundances of F. oxysporum under the trea-tments with different biochar application amounts A: Relative abundance of Mortierella. B: Relative abundance of Fusarium. C: F. oxysporum abundance

Fig. 5 Correlations between soil physicochemical properties and the relative abundances of Mortierella and Fusarium, and the abundances of F. oxysporum PC1 is the first component based on the principal component analysis of the ACE, Chao 1 and PD index, which explained 95.2% of the total variance and used as a measure to show the α diversity of the fungal community, the same below

Fig. 6 Redundancy analysis of soil fungal community under the treatments with different biochar application amounts

Fig. 7 Survival rates of P. notoginseng under the treatments with different biochar application amounts

Fig. 8 Correlations between soil physicochemical properties, fungal α diversity, relative abundance of Mortierella, F. oxysporum abundance, and the survival rate of P. notoginseng

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