Cytochrome P450 Involved in Secondary Metabolites Biosynthesis in Response to Biotic Stresses

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0510

Abstract

Abstract:

Plant cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes constitute a critical class of heme-binding proteins, distinguished by the characteristic 450 nm absorption peak in their reduced carbon monoxide-bound form. As one of the largest single oxygenase superfamilies in plants, CYP450 enzymes are widely involved in various biological processes such as growth and development, secondary metabolism synthesis, and stress defense by catalyzing multiple oxidation reactions including hydroxylation, epoxidation, and dealkylation. They are thus hailed as “universal biological catalysts”. Under biotic stress conditions (such as pathogen invasion and pest feeding), plantactivate CYP450-mediated secondary metabolic pathways such as phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, and glucosinolates to synthesize compounds with pesticidal or antimicrobial properties, thereby enhancing the plant’s ability to resist pests and diseases. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and molecular biology, multiple CYP450 enzymes associated with these biological processes have been isolated, screened, and functionally characterized in diverse plant species. In view of this, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the nomenclature, structural characteristics, classification and distribution of CYP450 enzymes in plants. Concurrently, it focuses on introducing the research progress of CYP450 family genes in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and biotic stress responses. It provides a reference for the mining and functional study of CYP450 family genes in plants, as well as provides a basis for the role of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and biotic stress response based on this.

Key words: cytochrome P450, nomenclature, structural characteristics, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, biotic stresses

WANG Jia, GAO Ming, ZHAO Yun-xiao, CHEN Yi-cun, WANG Yang-dong. Cytochrome P450 Involved in Secondary Metabolites Biosynthesis in Response to Biotic Stresses[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(12): 27-39.

Figures/Tables 6

References 108

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基因名称 Gene name	物种 Species	家族 Family	主要作用 Main function	参考文献 Reference
C4H C3H F5H	红球姜 Zingiber zerumbet	CYP73A CYP98A CYP84	红球姜接种软腐病病原体（Pythium myriotylum）后，C4H、C3H、F5H等基因上调表达，香豆酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸等物质也在植物中积累	［57］
F3H	川桑 Morus notabilis	CYP75B	川桑接种环腐病病原菌后，F3H等基因上调表达，桑叶柚皮素、山柰酚和槲皮素等含量增加	［58］
GMC4H1	大豆 Glycine max	CYP73A	通过促进木质素的生物合成使得植物对寄生疫霉（Phytophthora parasitica）和黄萎病菌（Verticillium dahliae）的抗性增强	［59］
C4H C3H	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	CYP73A CYP98A	通过增加木质素含量增强对丁香假单胞菌（Pseudomonas syringae）的防御作用	［60］
F5H C3H	水稻 Oryza sativa	CYP84 CYP98A	F5H和C3H的协同表达诱导了H型、G型和S型木质素的积累，诱导水稻对寄生植物独脚金（Striga hermonthica）的抗性	［61］
BnF5H	甘蓝型油菜 Brassica napus	CYP84	通过敲除4个F5H基因，S：G木质素比率降低，并且F5H突变体通过强化茎秆强度而增强对核盘菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）的抗性	［62］
F5H C4H	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	CYP84 CYP73A	通过促进木质素的积累及木质素单体组成的变化，应对南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）侵染	［63］
F2H	玉米 Zea mays	CYP93G	通过形成O-甲基黄酮，显著抑制了禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）和轮枝镰刀菌（Fusarium verticillioides）的生长	［64］
CYP716A16	水稻 O. sativa	CYP716A	CYP716A16过表达后会增加植物体内水仙花苷、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、木蝴蝶苷等化合物的含量，抵御立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）和白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae）的侵染	［65］
GbC4H	海岛棉 Gossypium barbadense	CYP73A	通过调节黄酮类化合物的代谢流动，抑制枯萎病的发生	［66］

基因名称 Gene name	物种 Species	家族 Family	主要作用 Main function	参考文献 Reference
C4H C3H F5H	红球姜 Zingiber zerumbet	CYP73A CYP98A CYP84	红球姜接种软腐病病原体（Pythium myriotylum）后，C4H、C3H、F5H等基因上调表达，香豆酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸等物质也在植物中积累	［57］
F3H	川桑 Morus notabilis	CYP75B	川桑接种环腐病病原菌后，F3H等基因上调表达，桑叶柚皮素、山柰酚和槲皮素等含量增加	［58］
GMC4H1	大豆 Glycine max	CYP73A	通过促进木质素的生物合成使得植物对寄生疫霉（Phytophthora parasitica）和黄萎病菌（Verticillium dahliae）的抗性增强	［59］
C4H C3H	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	CYP73A CYP98A	通过增加木质素含量增强对丁香假单胞菌（Pseudomonas syringae）的防御作用	［60］
F5H C3H	水稻 Oryza sativa	CYP84 CYP98A	F5H和C3H的协同表达诱导了H型、G型和S型木质素的积累，诱导水稻对寄生植物独脚金（Striga hermonthica）的抗性	［61］
BnF5H	甘蓝型油菜 Brassica napus	CYP84	通过敲除4个F5H基因，S：G木质素比率降低，并且F5H突变体通过强化茎秆强度而增强对核盘菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）的抗性	［62］
F5H C4H	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	CYP84 CYP73A	通过促进木质素的积累及木质素单体组成的变化，应对南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）侵染	［63］
F2H	玉米 Zea mays	CYP93G	通过形成O-甲基黄酮，显著抑制了禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）和轮枝镰刀菌（Fusarium verticillioides）的生长	［64］
CYP716A16	水稻 O. sativa	CYP716A	CYP716A16过表达后会增加植物体内水仙花苷、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、木蝴蝶苷等化合物的含量，抵御立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）和白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae）的侵染	［65］
GbC4H	海岛棉 Gossypium barbadense	CYP73A	通过调节黄酮类化合物的代谢流动，抑制枯萎病的发生	［66］

基因名称 Gene name	物种 Species	家族 Family	主要作用 Main function	参考文献 Reference
ShCYP71D184	多毛番茄 S. habrochaites	CYP71D	经过两次连续氧化生成萜烯化合物，对烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）和疫霉（Phytophthora infestans）、灰霉菌（Botrytis cinerea）等微生物有显著的毒性	［21］
CYP71Z18	玉米 Z. mays	CYP71Z	参与倍半萜类植保素zealexins的合成	［22］
CYP706A3	拟南芥花 A. thaliana	CYP706A	抑制倍半萜和大多数单萜在开花时释放的单萜烯，从而驱逐害虫	［27］
CYP76C1	拟南芥花 A. thaliana	CYP76C	CYP76C1缺失突变体可以调节芳樟醇和丁香化合物的释放，减少花的吸引力，来防御害虫的攻击	［30］
CYP92C6 CYP92C5	玉米 Z. mays	CYP92C	CYP92C6和CYP92C5负责合成萜烯挥发物（E）-4，8-二甲基壬-1，3，7-三烯和（3E，7E）-4，8，12-三甲基十三烯-1，3，7，11-四烯，其敲除突变体显著减少了玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）对玉米的吸引力	［70］
CYP716A14v2	黄花蒿 Artemisia annua	CYP716A	参与黄花蒿特化三萜的生物合成，这些三萜是黄花蒿地上部分角质层蜡层的成分，可能在保护黄花蒿免受生物胁迫方面起作用	［72］
CYP720B4	巨云杉Picea sitchensis	CYP720B	参与抗虫相关的DRAs化合物脱氢枞酸的合成	［73］
CYP720B19	白松Pinus armandii	CYP720B	参与对蓝变真菌（Leptographium qinlingensis）的防御	［74］
CYP720B2 CYP720B12	巨云杉 P. sitchensis 黑松 Pinus contorta 杰克松 Pinus banksiana	CYP720B	通过不同的二萜合酶和CYP720B酶的可变组合产生针叶树DRAs，如枞酸、左旋二酸和棕榈酸	［75］
CYP701A8	水稻 O. sativa	CYP701A	参与了抗真菌植保素oryzalexin、phytocassane的生物合成	［77］
CYP72A552	欧洲山芥 Barbarea vulgaris	CYP72A	通过催化常春藤皂苷元（hederagenin）形成三萜皂苷，介导植物对食草动物的防御	［78］
AsCYP51H10	燕麦 Avena strigosa	CYP51H	参与抗菌性化合物三萜糖苷（avenacin A-1）的合成	［79］

基因名称 Gene name	物种 Species	家族 Family	主要作用 Main function	参考文献 Reference
ShCYP71D184	多毛番茄 S. habrochaites	CYP71D	经过两次连续氧化生成萜烯化合物，对烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）和疫霉（Phytophthora infestans）、灰霉菌（Botrytis cinerea）等微生物有显著的毒性	［21］
CYP71Z18	玉米 Z. mays	CYP71Z	参与倍半萜类植保素zealexins的合成	［22］
CYP706A3	拟南芥花 A. thaliana	CYP706A	抑制倍半萜和大多数单萜在开花时释放的单萜烯，从而驱逐害虫	［27］
CYP76C1	拟南芥花 A. thaliana	CYP76C	CYP76C1缺失突变体可以调节芳樟醇和丁香化合物的释放，减少花的吸引力，来防御害虫的攻击	［30］
CYP92C6 CYP92C5	玉米 Z. mays	CYP92C	CYP92C6和CYP92C5负责合成萜烯挥发物（E）-4，8-二甲基壬-1，3，7-三烯和（3E，7E）-4，8，12-三甲基十三烯-1，3，7，11-四烯，其敲除突变体显著减少了玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）对玉米的吸引力	［70］
CYP716A14v2	黄花蒿 Artemisia annua	CYP716A	参与黄花蒿特化三萜的生物合成，这些三萜是黄花蒿地上部分角质层蜡层的成分，可能在保护黄花蒿免受生物胁迫方面起作用	［72］
CYP720B4	巨云杉Picea sitchensis	CYP720B	参与抗虫相关的DRAs化合物脱氢枞酸的合成	［73］
CYP720B19	白松Pinus armandii	CYP720B	参与对蓝变真菌（Leptographium qinlingensis）的防御	［74］
CYP720B2 CYP720B12	巨云杉 P. sitchensis 黑松 Pinus contorta 杰克松 Pinus banksiana	CYP720B	通过不同的二萜合酶和CYP720B酶的可变组合产生针叶树DRAs，如枞酸、左旋二酸和棕榈酸	［75］
CYP701A8	水稻 O. sativa	CYP701A	参与了抗真菌植保素oryzalexin、phytocassane的生物合成	［77］
CYP72A552	欧洲山芥 Barbarea vulgaris	CYP72A	通过催化常春藤皂苷元（hederagenin）形成三萜皂苷，介导植物对食草动物的防御	［78］
AsCYP51H10	燕麦 Avena strigosa	CYP51H	参与抗菌性化合物三萜糖苷（avenacin A-1）的合成	［79］

基因名称 Gene name	物种 Species	家族 Family	主要作用 Main function	参考文献 Reference
CYP86A2	拟南芥 A. thaliana	CYP86A	CYP86A2合成的某些角质相关脂肪酸可能会抑制丁香假单胞菌（Pseudomonas syringae）III型基因在细胞间隙的表达	［80］
GbCYP86A1-1	海岛棉 G. barbadense	CYP86A	过表达GbCYP86A1-1基因可以影响根系木栓质合成，激活抗病免疫通路，进而提高了植株对黄萎病菌（Verticillium dahliae）的抗性	［81］
CYP96B22	大麦 Hordeum vulgare	CYP96B	对大麦CYP96B22基因进行转录沉默，可降低植株对稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe oryzae）寄主和非寄主分离物的穿透抗性	［82］
CYP94B3/C1	拟南芥 A. thaliana	CYP94	CYP94B3/C1介导JA-Ile激素氧化形成茉莉酸谱并减弱了对灰霉病菌感染的防御反应	［85］
NaCYP94B3	野生烟草 Nicotiana attenuata	CYP94B	NaCYP94B3通过参与JA-Ile的C-12位羟基化，降低了植物对斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）的抵抗力	［86］
CYP94C1	番茄 S. lycopersicum	CYP94C	敲除CYP94C1可显著提高成熟果实中的JA-Ile含量，进而提高果实对死体营养型病原菌的抗性	［87］
CYP94B5	水稻 O. sativa	CYP94B	CYP94家族基因在植物叶片受伤时会介导JA-Ile分解代谢途径发挥防御反应	［88］
CYP74B24	山茶 Camellia sinensis	CYP74B	参与植物GLVs的形成，在植物抵御食草动物和病原体中发挥作用	［89］
CYP74B1	亚麻 Linum usitatissimum	CYP74B		［90］
ZmHPL	玉米 Z. mays	CYP74B		［91］
HPL	江南卷柏 Selaginella moellendorffii	CYP74B		［92］