Abstract: The components of straw are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Straw degradation microorganisms including bacteria, actinomyces and fungi. The methods of breeding straw degradation microorganisms include screening from nature, mutation breeding, protoplast fusion breeding, gene engineering breeding and so on. At present, the straw degradation strains under low temperature can be screened few in number, the ability of straw degradation is confined, further study need to be done on the mechanism of low temperature straw degradation. Microbiological agent of straw degradation under low temperature was summarized.

Key words: Degradation under low temperature , Crop straw , Microorganisms , Straw return to field