Abstract: The main steps of gene expression in an organism include transcription and protein synthesis,mRNA is an intermediate product of gene expression,and protein is the executive of gene function. For understanding the specific regulatory process of gene expression,the mRNA and protein should be synchronously monitored,then transcriptome and proteome data are compared,and thus both may be linked while an integrated analysis is conducted at the transcriptional and protein levels. In theory,the correlation between transcriptome and proteome data obtained from the same growth conditions and the cells,tissues or organs of the same state should be high;however,a lot of literature reported the irrelevant or negative correlations of expression trend between transcriptome and proteome data. Here we reviewed the principles and features of transcriptome and proteome sequencing and the advantages of transcriptome and proteome integrated analysis,as well as its applications in animal,plant and microbial. Meanwhile,we analyzed the reasons that might cause inconsistence of gene expression trends between transcriptional and protein levels,providing a reference for future study on molecular biology and multi-omics analysis.

Key words: mRNA, protein, gene, correlation analysis