Research Progress in Influencing Factors of mRNA Translation in Cells and Translatome

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1630

Abstract

Abstract:

Protein is an important component of cells and the main undertaker of life activities. Its synthesis highly relies on complex and precise translation systems. Previous studies have shown that the correlation between mRNA expression and protein expression level is low. One of important factors is that mRNA is not translated into protein at the same rate. Translation rate is the key to determining protein expression，and also affects protein structure and function. Therefore，on the basis of summarizing the mechanism of mRNA translation in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells，this study further summarized the main factors affecting translation rate and the main technical means of studying translation and translation rate，aiming to provide reference value for the study of translation mechanism in vivo in the future.

Key words: translation regulation, protein, translation rate, translatome

MA Rong, SHANG Fang-zheng, PAN Jian-feng, RONG You-jun, WANG Min, LI Jin-quan, ZHANG Yan-jun. Research Progress in Influencing Factors of mRNA Translation in Cells and Translatome[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(12): 115-126.

Figures/Tables 7

References 72

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项目 Item	聚核糖体图谱技术 Polysome profiling	翻译谱分析技术 RNC-RNA-Seq	核糖体图谱技术 Ribosome profiling	核糖体亲和纯化技术 RAP
技术原理	放线菌酮固定、蔗糖密度梯度离心法	放线菌酮固定、单一浓度蔗糖密度离心法	RNase I降解不被核糖体保护的RNA片段、蔗糖密度梯度离心法	在被组织性启动子启动的蛋白的C末端上连接亲和标签、抗原抗体反应
mRNA长度	全长	全长	核糖体覆盖片段	全长
测序方式	芯片、测序	芯片、测序	芯片	芯片、测序
获取核糖体位置、密度、起始密码子位置、uORFs等	不能	多不能	能	不能
同一mRNA上核糖体数目的获取	能	不能	不能	不能

项目 Item	聚核糖体图谱技术 Polysome profiling	翻译谱分析技术 RNC-RNA-Seq	核糖体图谱技术 Ribosome profiling	核糖体亲和纯化技术 RAP
技术原理	放线菌酮固定、蔗糖密度梯度离心法	放线菌酮固定、单一浓度蔗糖密度离心法	RNase I降解不被核糖体保护的RNA片段、蔗糖密度梯度离心法	在被组织性启动子启动的蛋白的C末端上连接亲和标签、抗原抗体反应
mRNA长度	全长	全长	核糖体覆盖片段	全长
测序方式	芯片、测序	芯片、测序	芯片	芯片、测序
获取核糖体位置、密度、起始密码子位置、uORFs等	不能	多不能	能	不能
同一mRNA上核糖体数目的获取	能	不能	不能	不能