Advances in Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms of Pre-harvest Sprouting in Rice

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0786

Abstract

Abstract:

Pre-harvest sprouting refers to the phenomenon that rice tends to induce seed germination on the spike if it encounters continuous cloudy and rainy weather or high-temperature and humid environmental conditions before harvest. Pre-harvest sprouting leads to decreased seed vigor and quality of rice, resulting in huge losses to rice production. In addition to expanding the screening of pre-harvest sprouting mutants, excavating and cloning some new genes controlling pre-harvest sprouting and analyzing their spike germination regulatory mechanisms are important tasks for breeding rice for pre-harvest sprouting resistance. During the process of pre-harvest sprouting, rice amylase activity is enhanced, soluble sugar content is elevated, and the content and balance of phytohormones ABA and GA in rice seeds are the key factors determining pre-harvest sprouting. Some key genes such as OsVP1 control rice seed dormancy through the ABA signaling pathway, while GA regulates seed germination through the activation of GA-associated transcription factors. The article reviews the four areas, i.e., internal physiological factors and environmental conditions of rice pre-harvest sprouting, genetic mechanisms of rice pre-harvest sprouting, molecular mechanisms of rice pre-harvest sprouting, and trait improvement of rice pre-harvest sprouting, and thus aiming to provide theoretical references for the selection of varieties that are resistant to pre-harvest sprouting in rice.

Key words: rice, pre-harvest sprouting, regulation mechanism, trait improvement

LIN Xin-yan, ZHANG Chuan-zhong, DAI Bing, WANG Xin-heng, LIU Jian-feng, WEN Li, XU Xing-jian, FANG Jun. Advances in Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms of Pre-harvest Sprouting in Rice[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(1): 24-31.

Figures/Tables 1

Fig. 1 Working model for the hormone-mediated transcriptional module in the regulation of rice seed dormancy and germination. Dashed lines indicate indirect or multistep regulation; arrowheads indicate positive regulation; and flat-ended lines indicate negative regulation. ABA: Abscisic acid； GA: gibberellin； JA: jasmonic acid; PYR/PYL/RCAR: pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin-like/regulatory components of ABA receptors; PP2C: protein phosphatase 2C; SnRK2: SNF1-related protein kinase2; bZIP72: bZIP transcription factor; WRKY: WRKY transcription factor; XERICO: a RING-H2 zinc finger E3 ubiquitin ligase; GAMYB: GA regulated MYB transcriptional regulator; DELLA: DELLA protein; MFT: MOTHER OF FT AND TF1; DOG1: DELAY OF GERMINATION 1; ABI4: ABA INSENSITIVE 4;ABI5: ABA INSENSITIVE 5; ABI3: ABA INSENSITIVE 3; VP1: VIVIPAROUS 1; BR: brassinosteroid; BRI1: BR-insensitive 1; BZR1: brassinazole-resistant 1; RAmy3D: alpha-amylase isozyme 3D. RAmy1A: alpha-amylase 1A

References 37

[1]	张琪, 贾俊婷, 张爱霞, 等. 水稻穗发芽研究进展[J]. 广东农业科学, 2022, 49(11): 128-137.
	Zhang Q, Jia JT, Zhang AX, et al. Research progress in pre-harvest sprouting of rice[J]. Guangdong Agric Sci, 2022, 49(11): 128-137.
[2]	杨浚, 陆建飞, 俞炳杲, 等. 水稻穗发芽与籽粒内可溶性糖和α-淀粉酶活性的品种差异[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 1991, 14(1): 17-21.
	Yang J, Lu JF, Yu BG, et al. Soluble sugar level and alpha-amylase activity in grains of some rice varieties with distinguishable viviparity during grain developing[J]. J Nanjing Agric Univ, 1991, 14(1): 17-21.
[3]	王娟, 袁俊, 洪彬, 等. 杂交稻制种过程中穗发芽生理生化特性的分析[J]. 分子植物育种, 2019, 17(19): 6469-6474.
	Wang J, Yuan J, Hong B, et al. Study on physiological and biochemical characteristics of PHS in hybrid rice seed production[J]. Mol Plant Breed, 2019, 17(19): 6469-6474.
[4]	Hu QJ, Lin C, Guan YJ, et al. Inhibitory effect of eugenol on seed germination and pre-harvest sprouting of hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 5295. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04104-x
[5]	江玲, 万建民. 植物激素ABA和GA调控种子休眠和萌发的研究进展[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2007, 23(4): 360-365.
	Jiang L, Wan JM. Advances in seed dormancy and germination regulated by plant hormones ABA and GA[J]. Jiangsu J Agric Sci, 2007, 23(4): 360-365.
[6]	Fang J, Chu CC. Abscisic acid and the pre-harvest sprouting in cereals[J]. Plant Signal Behav, 2008, 3(12): 1046-1048. doi: 10.4161/psb.3.12.6606 pmid: 19513237
[7]	Chen Y, Xiang ZP, Liu M, et al. ABA biosynthesis gene OsNCED3 contributes to preharvest sprouting resistance and grain development in rice[J]. Plant Cell Environ, 2023, 46(4): 1384-1401. doi: 10.1111/pce.14480 URL
[8]	Wang YF, Hou YX, Qiu JH, et al. Abscisic acid promotes jasmonic acid biosynthesis via a ‘SAPK10-bZIP72-AOC’ pathway to synergistically inhibit seed germination in rice(Oryza sativa)[J]. New Phytol, 2020, 228(4): 1336-1353. doi: 10.1111/nph.v228.4 URL
[9]	Wang X, Zou BH, Shao QL, et al. Natural variation reveals that OsSAP16 controls low-temperature germination in rice[J]. J Exp Bot, 2018, 69(3): 413-421. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erx413 pmid: 29237030
[10]	Yoshida H, Hirano K, Yano K, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies a gene responsible for temperature-dependent rice germination[J]. Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1): 5665. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33318-5 pmid: 36175401
[11]	袁仁长. 防止水稻制种穗发芽的几项措施[J]. 种子世界, 1986(6): 17.
	Yuan RC. Several measures to prevent panicle germination in rice seed production[J]. Seed World, 1986(6): 17.
[12]	董袁袁, 徐恒, 张华, 等. 水稻种子成熟后期高湿环境下种子休眠相关基因的表达[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(6): 1103-1113. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.06.01
	Dong YY, Xu H, Zhang H, et al. Dynamic profile of genes related to seed dormancy under high humidity condition during late stage of rice grain filling[J]. Acta Agric Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(6): 1103-1113. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.06.01
[13]	Li W, Xu L, Bai XF, et al. Quantitative trait loci for seed dormancy in rice[J]. Euphytica, 2011, 178(3): 427-435. doi: 10.1007/s10681-010-0327-4 URL
[14]	沈又佳, 刘世家, 吴兆苏. 杂种小麦抗穗发芽性的遗传研究[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 1996, 19(2): 1-5.
	Shen YJ, Liu SJ, Wu ZS. A genetic study on pre-harvest sprouting in hybyid wheat[J]. J Nanjing Agric Univ, 1996, 19(2): 1-5.
[15]	Dong YJ, Tsuzuki E, Kamiunten H, et al. Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with pre-harvest sprouting resistance in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Field Crops Res, 2003, 81(2/3): 133-139. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00217-4 URL
[16]	陈海生, 陶龙兴, 王熹, 等. 水稻穗芽相关性状的QTL定位[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2006, 20(3): 253-258.
	Chen HS, Tao LX, Wang X, et al. Identification of QTL associated with pre-harvest sprouting traits in rice[J]. Chin J Rice Sci, 2006, 20(3): 253-258.
[17]	Gao FY, Ren GJ, Lu XJ, et al. QTL analysis for resistance to preharvest sprouting in rice(Oryza sativa)[J]. Plant Breed, 2008, 127(3): 268-273. doi: 10.1111/pbr.2008.127.issue-3 URL
[18]	Hori K, Sugimoto K, Nonoue Y, et al. Detection of quantitative trait loci controlling pre-harvest sprouting resistance by using backcrossed populations of japonica rice cultivars[J]. Theor Appl Genet, 2010, 120(8): 1547-1557. doi: 10.1007/s00122-010-1275-z pmid: 20145904
[19]	杨锟, 尚菲, 陈露露, 等. 水稻穗发芽性状的QTL定位[J]. 扬州大学学报: 农业与生命科学版, 2019, 40(3): 16-21.
	Yang K, Shang F, Chen LL, et al. QTL mapping for pre-harvest sprouting traits in rice[J]. J Yangzhou Univ Agric Life Sci Ed, 2019, 40(3): 16-21.
[20]	Cheon KS, Won YJ, Jeong YM, et al. QTL mapping for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in japonica rice varieties utilizing genome re-sequencing[J]. Mol Genet Genomics, 2020, 295(5): 1129-1140. doi: 10.1007/s00438-020-01688-4
[21]	Wang Q, Lin QB, Wu T, et al. OsDOG1L-3 regulates seed dormancy through the abscisic acid pathway in rice[J]. Plant Sci, 2020, 298: 110570. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110570 URL
[22]	Wang J, Deng QW, Li YH, et al. Transcription factors Rc and OsVP 1 coordinately regulate preharvest sprouting tolerance in red pericarp rice[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2020, 68(50): 14748-14757. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04748 URL
[23]	Chen WQ, Wang W, Lyu YS, et al. OsVP1 activates Sdr4 expression to control rice seed dormancy via the ABA signaling pathway[J]. Crop J, 2021, 9(1): 68-78. doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2020.06.005 URL
[24]	Zhao B, Zhang H, Chen TX, et al. Sdr4 dominates pre-harvest sprouting and facilitates adaptation to local climatic condition in Asian cultivated rice[J]. J Integr Plant Biol, 2022, 64(6): 1246-1263. doi: 10.1111/jipb.v64.6 URL
[25]	Du L, Xu F, Fang J, et al. Endosperm sugar accumulation caused by mutation of PHS8/ISA1 leads to pre-harvest sprouting in rice[J]. Plant J, 2018, 95(3): 545-556. doi: 10.1111/tpj.2018.95.issue-3 URL
[26]	Fang J, Chai CL, Qian Q, et al. Mutations of genes in synthesis of the carotenoid precursors of ABA lead to pre-harvest sprouting and photo-oxidation in rice[J]. Plant J, 2008, 54(2): 177-189. doi: 10.1111/tpj.2008.54.issue-2 URL
[27]	Xu F, Tang JY, Gao SP, et al. Control of rice pre-harvest sprouting by glutaredoxin-mediated abscisic acid signaling[J]. Plant J, 2019, 100(5): 1036-1051. doi: 10.1111/tpj.v100.5 URL
[28]	Xu F, Tang JY, Wang SX, et al. Antagonistic control of seed dormancy in rice by two bHLH transcription factors[J]. Nat Genet, 2022, 54(12): 1972-1982. doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01240-7 pmid: 36471073
[29]	Fu K, Song WH, Chen C, et al. Improving pre-harvest sprouting resistance in rice by editing OsABA8ox using CRISPR/Cas9[J]. Plant Cell Rep, 2022, 41(10): 2107-2110. doi: 10.1007/s00299-022-02917-3 pmid: 35976402
[30]	Zhou CL, Lin QB, Lan J, et al. WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY29 represses seed dormancy in rice by weakening abscisic acid response[J]. Front Plant Sci, 2020, 11: 691. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00691 URL
[31]	Jin J, Xiong LL, Gray JE, et al. Two awn-development-related peptides, GAD1 and OsEPFL2, promote seed dispersal and germination in rice[J]. Mol Plant, 2023, 16(3): 485-488. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.011 URL
[32]	Gubler F, Millar AA, Jacobsen JV. Dormancy release, ABA and pre-harvest sprouting[J]. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2005, 8(2): 183-187. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2005.01.011 pmid: 15752999
[33]	Tuan PA, Kumar R, Rehal PK, et al. Molecular mechanisms underlying abscisic acid/gibberellin balance in the control of seed dormancy and germination in cereals[J]. Front Plant Sci, 2018, 9: 668. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00668 pmid: 29875780
[34]	Yaish MW, El-Kereamy A, Zhu T, et al. The APETALA-2-like transcription factor OsAP2-39 controls key interactions between abscisic acid and gibberellin i n rice[J]. PLoS Genet, 2010, 6(9): e1001098. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001098 URL
[35]	Kobayashi Y, Murata M, Minami H, et al. Abscisic acid-activated SNRK2 protein kinases function in the gene-regulation pathway of ABA signal transduction by phosphorylating ABA response element-binding factors[J]. Plant J, 2005, 44(6): 939-949. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02583.x pmid: 16359387
[36]	Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto S, Minami H, et al. Differential activation of the rice sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase2 family by hyperosmotic stress and abscisic acid[J]. Plant Cell, 2004, 16(5): 1163-1177. doi: 10.1105/tpc.019943 pmid: 15084714
[37]	Xiong M, Yu JW, Wang JD, et al. Brassinosteroids regulate rice seed germination through the BZR1-RAmy3D transcriptional module[J]. Plant Physiol, 2022, 189(1): 402-418. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiac043 pmid: 35139229