Analysis of Photosynthetic Traits of High Heritability in Crops and Mining of High Light-efficiency Regulatory Genes

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0548

Abstract

Abstract:

With global climate change and population growth, improving the efficiency of crop light energy utilization has become crucial to ensuring food security. Photosynthesis serves as the core driving force for crop yield and biomass accumulation, with the conversion of light energy into chemical energy regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the genetic dissection of high photosynthetic efficiency, a crucial agronomic trait, is highly complex, involving factors such as fine regulation of multiple genes and significant phenotypic plasticity, as well as the limitations of traditional photosynthetic phenotype measurement techniques, such as low throughput and strong invasiveness, which have led to slow progress in the discovery of related genes. In recent years, the integration of multi-omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.), high-throughput phenotyping platforms (such as non-invasive dynamic detection based on drones, hyperspectral imaging, and LiDAR), and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (machine learning and deep learning) has provided new opportunities for systematically dissecting the complex regulatory network of crop photosynthesis. This article focuses on summarizing the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying high light- efficiency in crops, elaborating on related optimization approaches (including modification of photosynthetic apparatus, enhancement of carbon assimilation, reduction of photorespiration, and optimization of environmental responses), and, in combination with high-throughput photosynthetic phenomics and data algorithm-driven genetic dissection of photosynthetic phenotypic heritability, delves into the latest frontier strategies, technological breakthroughs, and future challenges in the mining of high-light efficiency genes in crops, aiming to provide theoretical references for the genetic improvement of crop photosynthetic efficiency.

Key words: crops, high light-efficiency genes, light utilization efficiency, high heritability photosynthetic traits

LUO Chun-mei, LI Yan-jun, CHEN Gen-yun, QU Ming-nan. Analysis of Photosynthetic Traits of High Heritability in Crops and Mining of High Light-efficiency Regulatory Genes[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(10): 6-19.

Figures/Tables 3

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物种 Species	基因名称 Gene name	遗传学手段 Approaches of genetics	方法 Method	光合表型 Photosynthetic phenotype	参考文献 References
水稻	OsNHX1	正向	通过GWAS发现OsNHX1的遗传变异与气孔关闭时间常数τ_cl的变化密切相关	干旱下提高生物量和产量	［55］
水稻	OsBGlu-5	正向	通过GWAS挖掘到Bglu-5基因，该基因调控叶绿素荧光F_v/F_m	提高光系统II的最大量子产率	［89］
水稻	OsLRK1	正向	调查叶片暗呼吸（R_d）的自然变异进行GWAS，发现OsLRK1调节叶片暗呼吸通量	提高高温下光合效率	［56］
水稻	OsACP2	正向	通过GWAS和DEG分析发现ACP2基因介导低磷下丝氨酸合成，调控光合效率	提高光合-磷利用效率67%	［53］
大豆	GmFtsH25	正向	利用GWAS和QTL关联研究，挖掘到GmFtsH25参与大豆光合作用过程	提升光合效率和淀粉含量	［78］
玉米	ZmRAF1	反向	通过改造Rubisco，创制玉米Rubisco及其亚基组装因子ZmRAF过表达材料	增加Rubisco的催化效率和生物量	［90］
小麦	TaFBA	反向	根据基因家族注释，发现多个TaFBA基因受逆境胁迫诱导	提高抗非生物胁迫能力和生物量	［76］
水稻	OsGATA8	反向	OsGATA8基因位于Saltol QTL中，受到盐、干旱和ABA诱导	提高光合效率和生物量	［75］
玉米	ZmGLK1	反向	利用GWAS和QTL鉴定到ZmGLK1基因，该基因影响叶绿体发育	提升光能利用效率	［74］
水稻	OsRBCS2	反向	利用RBCS-sense创制Rubisco过表达水稻材料	提高产量和氮利用效率	［91］
水稻	OsRCA	反向	过表达RCA（Rubisco activase）	光合速率常温下不提高，高温下提高21%	［92］
小麦	TaSBPase	反向	在小麦中过表达Brachypodium distachyon的SBPase	提高生物量和产量	［93］
水稻	OsMGT3	反向	过表达OsMGT3，提高光合速率	提高生物量和产量	［94］
大豆	OsictB	反向	在大豆中导入蓝细菌的无机碳转运蛋白（inorganic carbon transporter B，ictB）	提高生物量和产量	［95］
大豆	GmictB	反向	在水稻中导入蓝藻的ictB	提高生物量	［96］
玉米	ZmictB	反向	在玉米中导入蓝藻的ictB	提高产量	［97］
水稻	OsNF-YB4	反向	创制水稻过表达OsNF-YB4基因材料	减少株高和叶片数，产量不变	［98］
水稻	OsOSA1	反向	过表达水稻质子ATP酶（Oryza sativa plasma membrane（PM）H⁺ -ATPase 1，OSA1）	提高生物量和产量	［99］
水稻	OsPIP1；2	反向	过表达OsPIP1；2，提高叶肉导度	提高生物量和产量	［100］
水稻	OsHXK1	反向	敲除OsHXK1，提高气孔导度	提高产量	［101］
水稻	Osslac1	反向	敲除slac1，导致弱光到高光过程光合诱导延迟	气孔导度提高，有利于光合效率	［102］
水稻	OsNRP1	反向	敲除光合作用负调节因子NRP1提升光合效率	提高生物量和产量	［103］
水稻	OsTOP6	反向	编辑TOP6介导光合基因修复损伤，调控低温下光合效率	调节碳同化速率	［104］
水稻	OsZOS7-MYB60	反向	过表达ZOS7-MYB60调控气孔密度，提高水稻抗旱性	提高生物量和产量	［105］
水稻	OsRAN1	反向	过表达OsRAN1维持细胞分裂和细胞周期进程	提高耐寒性	［106］
水稻	OsDREB1	反向	过表达OsDREB1，游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量升高	提高干旱、高盐和冷胁迫耐受性	［107］
水稻	OsLOS5	反向	在水稻品种中导入LOS5抗旱基因	提高抗旱性和产量	［108］
水稻	ZmPEPC	反向	将C₄作物玉米中与光合作用相关的ZmPEPC基因导入水稻	提高抗旱性和产量	［109］

物种 Species	基因名称 Gene name	遗传学手段 Approaches of genetics	方法 Method	光合表型 Photosynthetic phenotype	参考文献 References
水稻	OsNHX1	正向	通过GWAS发现OsNHX1的遗传变异与气孔关闭时间常数τ_cl的变化密切相关	干旱下提高生物量和产量	［55］
水稻	OsBGlu-5	正向	通过GWAS挖掘到Bglu-5基因，该基因调控叶绿素荧光F_v/F_m	提高光系统II的最大量子产率	［89］
水稻	OsLRK1	正向	调查叶片暗呼吸（R_d）的自然变异进行GWAS，发现OsLRK1调节叶片暗呼吸通量	提高高温下光合效率	［56］
水稻	OsACP2	正向	通过GWAS和DEG分析发现ACP2基因介导低磷下丝氨酸合成，调控光合效率	提高光合-磷利用效率67%	［53］
大豆	GmFtsH25	正向	利用GWAS和QTL关联研究，挖掘到GmFtsH25参与大豆光合作用过程	提升光合效率和淀粉含量	［78］
玉米	ZmRAF1	反向	通过改造Rubisco，创制玉米Rubisco及其亚基组装因子ZmRAF过表达材料	增加Rubisco的催化效率和生物量	［90］
小麦	TaFBA	反向	根据基因家族注释，发现多个TaFBA基因受逆境胁迫诱导	提高抗非生物胁迫能力和生物量	［76］
水稻	OsGATA8	反向	OsGATA8基因位于Saltol QTL中，受到盐、干旱和ABA诱导	提高光合效率和生物量	［75］
玉米	ZmGLK1	反向	利用GWAS和QTL鉴定到ZmGLK1基因，该基因影响叶绿体发育	提升光能利用效率	［74］
水稻	OsRBCS2	反向	利用RBCS-sense创制Rubisco过表达水稻材料	提高产量和氮利用效率	［91］
水稻	OsRCA	反向	过表达RCA（Rubisco activase）	光合速率常温下不提高，高温下提高21%	［92］
小麦	TaSBPase	反向	在小麦中过表达Brachypodium distachyon的SBPase	提高生物量和产量	［93］
水稻	OsMGT3	反向	过表达OsMGT3，提高光合速率	提高生物量和产量	［94］
大豆	OsictB	反向	在大豆中导入蓝细菌的无机碳转运蛋白（inorganic carbon transporter B，ictB）	提高生物量和产量	［95］
大豆	GmictB	反向	在水稻中导入蓝藻的ictB	提高生物量	［96］
玉米	ZmictB	反向	在玉米中导入蓝藻的ictB	提高产量	［97］
水稻	OsNF-YB4	反向	创制水稻过表达OsNF-YB4基因材料	减少株高和叶片数，产量不变	［98］
水稻	OsOSA1	反向	过表达水稻质子ATP酶（Oryza sativa plasma membrane（PM）H⁺ -ATPase 1，OSA1）	提高生物量和产量	［99］
水稻	OsPIP1；2	反向	过表达OsPIP1；2，提高叶肉导度	提高生物量和产量	［100］
水稻	OsHXK1	反向	敲除OsHXK1，提高气孔导度	提高产量	［101］
水稻	Osslac1	反向	敲除slac1，导致弱光到高光过程光合诱导延迟	气孔导度提高，有利于光合效率	［102］
水稻	OsNRP1	反向	敲除光合作用负调节因子NRP1提升光合效率	提高生物量和产量	［103］
水稻	OsTOP6	反向	编辑TOP6介导光合基因修复损伤，调控低温下光合效率	调节碳同化速率	［104］
水稻	OsZOS7-MYB60	反向	过表达ZOS7-MYB60调控气孔密度，提高水稻抗旱性	提高生物量和产量	［105］
水稻	OsRAN1	反向	过表达OsRAN1维持细胞分裂和细胞周期进程	提高耐寒性	［106］
水稻	OsDREB1	反向	过表达OsDREB1，游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量升高	提高干旱、高盐和冷胁迫耐受性	［107］
水稻	OsLOS5	反向	在水稻品种中导入LOS5抗旱基因	提高抗旱性和产量	［108］
水稻	ZmPEPC	反向	将C₄作物玉米中与光合作用相关的ZmPEPC基因导入水稻	提高抗旱性和产量	［109］