Biotechnology Bulletin ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 298-311.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1200
QIU Yu-jie, WANG Qian, ZENG Lin, HOU Hong-ji, GOU Yu-mei, ZOU Lan(
), HUANG Jing()
Received:2025-11-06
Online:2026-08-26
Published:2026-08-17
Contact:
ZOU Lan, HUANG Jing
E-mail:zoulan@swust.edu.cn;huang.jing@swust.edu.cn
QIU Yu-jie, WANG Qian, ZENG Lin, HOU Hong-ji, GOU Yu-mei, ZOU Lan, HUANG Jing. Biocontrol Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis JY-7-2L against Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux Root Rot and Its Potential Mechanisms[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(8): 298-311.
Fig. 1 Inhibition effects of JY-7-2L against F. oxysporum
菌株 Strain | PDA平板抑菌率 Inhibition rate on PDA plate （%） | 乌头切片抑菌率 Inhibition rate on A. carmichaelii root slice （%） | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F. oxysporum-1 | F. oxysporum-2 | F. oxysporum-1 | F. oxysporum-2 | |||
| JY-7-2L | 62.75±1.96 | 64.71±2.04 | 48.10±0.73 | 33.00±0.85 | ||
Table 1 Inhibition effects of JY-7-2L against F. oxysporum
菌株 Strain | PDA平板抑菌率 Inhibition rate on PDA plate （%） | 乌头切片抑菌率 Inhibition rate on A. carmichaelii root slice （%） | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F. oxysporum-1 | F. oxysporum-2 | F. oxysporum-1 | F. oxysporum-2 | |||
| JY-7-2L | 62.75±1.96 | 64.71±2.04 | 48.10±0.73 | 33.00±0.85 | ||
Fig. 2 Biocontrol and growth-promoting efficacy of strain JY-7-2L under field conditionsA: Biocontrol effect of JY-7-2L against root rot by field experiment (dpi: days post inoculation). B: Growth-promoting effects of JY-7-2L on Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05), the same below
Fig. 3 Effects of cell-free culture filtrate of JY-7-2L on the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum
病原菌 Pathogen | 处理 Treatment | 菌落直径 Diameter of fungal colony （cm） | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | 120 h | 144 h | 168 h | ||
| F. oxysporum-1 | CK | 2.13±0.09a | 3.83±0.07a | 5.23±0.07a | 6.90±0.06a | 8.10±0.06a | 8.50±0.00a |
| JY-7-2L | 1.13±0.03b | 2.37±0.07b | 3.37±0.17b | 4.37±0.18b | 6.07±0.32b | 7.20±0.26b | |
| F. oxysporum-2 | CK | 2.08±0.03a | 3.50±0.04a | 4.55±0.03a | 5.85±0.09a | 7.13±0.08a | 8.08±0.06a |
| JY-7-2L | 0.93±0.03b | 1.85±0.03b | 2.48±0.05b | 3.45±0.03b | 4.48±0.09b | 5.50±0.07b | |
Table 2 Effects of cell-free culture filtrate of JY-7-2L on the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum
病原菌 Pathogen | 处理 Treatment | 菌落直径 Diameter of fungal colony （cm） | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | 120 h | 144 h | 168 h | ||
| F. oxysporum-1 | CK | 2.13±0.09a | 3.83±0.07a | 5.23±0.07a | 6.90±0.06a | 8.10±0.06a | 8.50±0.00a |
| JY-7-2L | 1.13±0.03b | 2.37±0.07b | 3.37±0.17b | 4.37±0.18b | 6.07±0.32b | 7.20±0.26b | |
| F. oxysporum-2 | CK | 2.08±0.03a | 3.50±0.04a | 4.55±0.03a | 5.85±0.09a | 7.13±0.08a | 8.08±0.06a |
| JY-7-2L | 0.93±0.03b | 1.85±0.03b | 2.48±0.05b | 3.45±0.03b | 4.48±0.09b | 5.50±0.07b | |
Fig. 4 Effects of volatile organic compounds of JY-7-2L on the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum
病原菌 Pathogen | 处理 Treatment | 菌落直径 Diameter of fungal colony （cm） | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | 120 h | 144 h | 168 h | 192 h | ||
| F. oxysporum-1 | CK | 1.87±0.07a | 3.63±0.24a | 4.83±0.07a | 5.70±0.09a | 6.80±0.13a | 7.90±0.23a | 8.50±0.00a |
| JY-7-2L | 1.83±0.03a | 2.53±0.24a | 3.57±0.33b | 4.43±0.07b | 4.82±0.03b | 5.56±0.09b | 6.89±0.17b | |
| F. oxysporum-2 | CK | 2.55±0.05a | 4.13±0.05a | 5.28±0.10a | 6.38±0.09a | 7.23±0.10a | 8.08±0.25a | 8.50±0.00a |
| JY-7-2L | 2.23±0.09b | 3.53±0.09b | 3.53±0.09b | 4.83±0.12b | 5.55±0.13b | 6.18±0.06b | 6.55±0.06b | |
Table 3 Effects of volatile organic compounds of JY-7-2L on the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum
病原菌 Pathogen | 处理 Treatment | 菌落直径 Diameter of fungal colony （cm） | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | 120 h | 144 h | 168 h | 192 h | ||
| F. oxysporum-1 | CK | 1.87±0.07a | 3.63±0.24a | 4.83±0.07a | 5.70±0.09a | 6.80±0.13a | 7.90±0.23a | 8.50±0.00a |
| JY-7-2L | 1.83±0.03a | 2.53±0.24a | 3.57±0.33b | 4.43±0.07b | 4.82±0.03b | 5.56±0.09b | 6.89±0.17b | |
| F. oxysporum-2 | CK | 2.55±0.05a | 4.13±0.05a | 5.28±0.10a | 6.38±0.09a | 7.23±0.10a | 8.08±0.25a | 8.50±0.00a |
| JY-7-2L | 2.23±0.09b | 3.53±0.09b | 3.53±0.09b | 4.83±0.12b | 5.55±0.13b | 6.18±0.06b | 6.55±0.06b | |
Fig. 5 Whole genome of strain JY-7-2LFrom the innermost to the outermost circle: 1: The genome scale (kb). 2: GC skew (positive values (G > C) are shown as inward deflections; negative values (G < C) as outward deflections). 3: GC content (inward peaks indicate regions with GC content below the genome average, while outward peaks indicate regions with GC content above the genome average. Peak height indicates the magnitude of deviation). 4-7: Each CDS is based on its COG functional category. 5-6: The locations of CDSs, tRNAs, and rRNAs in the genome
Fig. 6 Functional annotation of the whole genome of JY-7-2LA: COG functional classification of the genome of JY-7-2L. B: CAZy functional classification of the genome of JY-7-2L. C: GO functional classification of the genome of JY-7-2L (top 10 pathways in each category). D: KEGG functional classification of the genome of JY-7-2L
基因组富集通路 Genome enrichment pathway | 富集基因数量 Number of enriched genes | 通路编号 Pathway ID |
|---|---|---|
| Novobiocin biosynthesis | 5 | ko00401 |
| Streptomycin biosynthesis | 8 | ko00521 |
| Biosynthesis of ansamycins | 1 | ko01051 |
| Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis | 2 | ko00311 |
| Vancomycin resistance | 7 | ko01502 |
| Biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics | 1 | ko01055 |
| Biosynthesis of various antibiotics | 10 | ko00998 |
| Acarbose and validamycin biosynthesis | 2 | ko00525 |
| Cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance | 12 | ko01503 |
| Carbapenem biosynthesis | 3 | ko00332 |
| Prodigiosin biosynthesis | 5 | ko00333 |
Table 4 JY-7-2L antibiotic-related pathways
基因组富集通路 Genome enrichment pathway | 富集基因数量 Number of enriched genes | 通路编号 Pathway ID |
|---|---|---|
| Novobiocin biosynthesis | 5 | ko00401 |
| Streptomycin biosynthesis | 8 | ko00521 |
| Biosynthesis of ansamycins | 1 | ko01051 |
| Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis | 2 | ko00311 |
| Vancomycin resistance | 7 | ko01502 |
| Biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics | 1 | ko01055 |
| Biosynthesis of various antibiotics | 10 | ko00998 |
| Acarbose and validamycin biosynthesis | 2 | ko00525 |
| Cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance | 12 | ko01503 |
| Carbapenem biosynthesis | 3 | ko00332 |
| Prodigiosin biosynthesis | 5 | ko00333 |
类别 Category | JY-7-2L相关基因 Gene identified in JY-7-2L | 功能 Function |
|---|---|---|
生物膜形成 Biofilm formation | abrB、ydaM、kinC、ymfC、pgsA、yoaW、spo0A、sinI、sinR、tasA、sipW、tapA、bslA、iolU、mstX、epsO、epsN、epsM、epsL、epsK、epsJ、epsI、epsH、epsG、epsF、epsE、epsD、epsC、slrR、degU、bslB、slrA、yxjH、yxjG、yxaB | 定殖、生长［ Colonization and growth |
抑菌活性物质 Antifungal active substances | srfAA、srfAB、srfAC、srfAD、pksA、pksB、pksC、pksD、pksE、pksF、pksG、pksH、pksI、pksJ、pksL、pksM、pksN、pksR、pksS、ppsE、ppsD、ppsC、ppsB、ppsA、sboA、albA、albC、albD、albE、albF、albG、bacG、bacF、bacE、bacD、bacC、bacB、bacA、dhbA、dhbB、dhbC、dhbE、dhbF、yvmC、fadA、ykvQ、sleL、yvbX、ydhD、cwlQ、xkdO、yocA、yomI | 破坏真菌细胞膜、细胞壁，抑制蛋白质合成，使真菌胞内活性氧累积，干扰能量代谢，诱导细胞凋亡［ Damage fungal cell membranes and cell walls， inhibit protein synthesis， induce intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation， disrupt energy metabolism， and induce cell apoptosis |
促生 Plant growth promotion | ysnE、ywkB、feuC、feuB、feuA、yhfQ、fhuC、fhuG、fhuB、fhuD、btr、dhbF、dhbB、dhbC、dhbA、dhbE | 促进植物细胞伸长与分裂，促进铁元素吸收和植物生长［ Promote plant cell elongation and division， enhance iron uptake， and stimulate plant growth |
诱导系统抗性 Induce systemic resistance | srfAA、srfAB、srfAC、srfAD、bdhA、ppsE、ppsD、ppsC、ppsB、ppsA、alsD、alsS、alsR | 广谱抗菌性［ Broad-spectrum antifungal activity |
Table 5 Function genes of JY-7-2L
类别 Category | JY-7-2L相关基因 Gene identified in JY-7-2L | 功能 Function |
|---|---|---|
生物膜形成 Biofilm formation | abrB、ydaM、kinC、ymfC、pgsA、yoaW、spo0A、sinI、sinR、tasA、sipW、tapA、bslA、iolU、mstX、epsO、epsN、epsM、epsL、epsK、epsJ、epsI、epsH、epsG、epsF、epsE、epsD、epsC、slrR、degU、bslB、slrA、yxjH、yxjG、yxaB | 定殖、生长［ Colonization and growth |
抑菌活性物质 Antifungal active substances | srfAA、srfAB、srfAC、srfAD、pksA、pksB、pksC、pksD、pksE、pksF、pksG、pksH、pksI、pksJ、pksL、pksM、pksN、pksR、pksS、ppsE、ppsD、ppsC、ppsB、ppsA、sboA、albA、albC、albD、albE、albF、albG、bacG、bacF、bacE、bacD、bacC、bacB、bacA、dhbA、dhbB、dhbC、dhbE、dhbF、yvmC、fadA、ykvQ、sleL、yvbX、ydhD、cwlQ、xkdO、yocA、yomI | 破坏真菌细胞膜、细胞壁，抑制蛋白质合成，使真菌胞内活性氧累积，干扰能量代谢，诱导细胞凋亡［ Damage fungal cell membranes and cell walls， inhibit protein synthesis， induce intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation， disrupt energy metabolism， and induce cell apoptosis |
促生 Plant growth promotion | ysnE、ywkB、feuC、feuB、feuA、yhfQ、fhuC、fhuG、fhuB、fhuD、btr、dhbF、dhbB、dhbC、dhbA、dhbE | 促进植物细胞伸长与分裂，促进铁元素吸收和植物生长［ Promote plant cell elongation and division， enhance iron uptake， and stimulate plant growth |
诱导系统抗性 Induce systemic resistance | srfAA、srfAB、srfAC、srfAD、bdhA、ppsE、ppsD、ppsC、ppsB、ppsA、alsD、alsS、alsR | 广谱抗菌性［ Broad-spectrum antifungal activity |
编号 Cluster ID | 位置 Location （bp） | 类型 Cluster type | 相似基因簇 Similar cluster | 相似度 Similarity | 抑制作用 Suppress object | 来源 Resource |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster 1 | 358 578-423 969 | NRPS | Surfactin | 82% | Bacteria and fungi | B. velezensis FZB42 |
| Cluster 2 | 1 111 085-1 131 888 | Terpene | — | — | — | — |
| Cluster 3 | 1 539 083-1 606 810 | NRPS | Paenilarvin A/B/C | 50% | Fungi | Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae DSM 25430 |
| Cluster 4 | 1 751 995-1 866 766 | transAT-PKS， PKS-like， T3PKS， NRPS | Bacillaene | 100% | Bacteria | B. velezensis FZB42 |
| Cluster 5 | 1 928 059-2 005 809 | NRPS， betalactone | Fengycin | 100% | Fungi | B. velezensis FZB42 |
| Cluster 6 | 2 067 440-2 089 338 | terpene | — | — | — | |
| Cluster 7 | 2 271 506-2 312 603 | T3PKS | 1-Carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid | 16% | Bacteria | Pectobacterium carotovorum |
| Cluster 8 | 3 209 497-3 261 274 | NRP-metallophore， NRPS | bacillibactin | 100% | Bacteria and fungi | B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168 |
| Cluster 9 | 3 545 060-3 565 806 | CDPS | pulcherriminic acid | 100% | Bacteria and fungi | B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168 |
| Cluster 10 | 3 792 717-3 814 328 | Sactipeptide | subtilosin A | 100% | Bacteria | B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii ATCC 6633 |
| Cluster 11 | 3 821 105-3 862 523 | Other | bacilysin | 100% | Bacteria and fungi | B. velezensis FZB42 |
Table 6 Secondary metabolite gene clusters of JY-7-2L
编号 Cluster ID | 位置 Location （bp） | 类型 Cluster type | 相似基因簇 Similar cluster | 相似度 Similarity | 抑制作用 Suppress object | 来源 Resource |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster 1 | 358 578-423 969 | NRPS | Surfactin | 82% | Bacteria and fungi | B. velezensis FZB42 |
| Cluster 2 | 1 111 085-1 131 888 | Terpene | — | — | — | — |
| Cluster 3 | 1 539 083-1 606 810 | NRPS | Paenilarvin A/B/C | 50% | Fungi | Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae DSM 25430 |
| Cluster 4 | 1 751 995-1 866 766 | transAT-PKS， PKS-like， T3PKS， NRPS | Bacillaene | 100% | Bacteria | B. velezensis FZB42 |
| Cluster 5 | 1 928 059-2 005 809 | NRPS， betalactone | Fengycin | 100% | Fungi | B. velezensis FZB42 |
| Cluster 6 | 2 067 440-2 089 338 | terpene | — | — | — | |
| Cluster 7 | 2 271 506-2 312 603 | T3PKS | 1-Carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid | 16% | Bacteria | Pectobacterium carotovorum |
| Cluster 8 | 3 209 497-3 261 274 | NRP-metallophore， NRPS | bacillibactin | 100% | Bacteria and fungi | B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168 |
| Cluster 9 | 3 545 060-3 565 806 | CDPS | pulcherriminic acid | 100% | Bacteria and fungi | B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168 |
| Cluster 10 | 3 792 717-3 814 328 | Sactipeptide | subtilosin A | 100% | Bacteria | B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii ATCC 6633 |
| Cluster 11 | 3 821 105-3 862 523 | Other | bacilysin | 100% | Bacteria and fungi | B. velezensis FZB42 |
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