Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Application of Plant Growth Regulators from Traditional Chinese Medicine on the Quality and Its Bacterial Community in Rhizosphere Soil

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0467

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to achieve the green development goal of “reducing chemical fertilizer and increasing efficiency” in the cultivation of Angelica sinensis, the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and application of plant growth regulators from traditional Chinese medicine on the quality and bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of A. sinensis were investigated, so as to provide scientific basis for the mechanism of improving the quality of A. sinensis. A. sinensis was taken as the research object. Four treatments were set up, including chemical fertilizer（CK）, Chinese medicine source regulator combined with chemical fertilizer（T1）, Chinese medicine source regulator combined with 80% chemical fertilizer（T2）,and Chinese medicine source regulator combined with 60% chemical fertilizer（T3）. The growth indexes,disease indexes,yield,rhizosphere soil physical and chemical indexes of A. sinensis in the 5 growth stages were determined,and the changes of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil were analyzed by 16S rDNA amplification sequence. Results showed as below：1）The root length,main root diameter and root biomass of A. sinensis in treatment T1 and T2 were significantly higher than those in other treatments at early growth stage. The aphid emergence rate, aphid density,disease grade and incidence rate of A. sinensis in CK were higher than those in other treatments, and the yield was the lowest in CK,the highest in T2, which was 2.61 times higher than that of CK. 2）There was no significant difference in the salinity,ammonium nitrogen and available potassium among the treatments in whole life growth period. The organic matter in CK at seedling stage was higher than that in other treatments, but there was no difference among treatments at other growth stages. The available phosphorus changed greatly in the whole growth period, and the pH value increased gradually with the reduction of chemical fertilizer. 3）There was no difference in the diversity of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of A. sinensis during the whole growth period. The community structure was consistent at phylum level. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes,Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria were the dominant phylum. 4）At the genus level, the dominant genera were Flavobacterium, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, MND1, Pedobacter, Citrobacter, Ellin6067, Gemmatimonas, Massilia, Sphingobiu, Lysobacter, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Haliangium, and Nitrospira. The abundance of Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Ellin6067 and Massilia were significantly different among treatments in different growth stages of A. sinensis. However,only the abundance of Pseudomonas was positively correlated with the root growth index of A. sinensis,and negatively correlated with the disease index. The abundance of Pseudomonas in CK was significantly lower than that in other treatments in the early stage and drug preparation stage. Chemical fertilizer reduction and application of plant growth regulators from traditional Chinese medicine may promote the root growth of A. sinensis at early growth stages,improve the disease condition of root rot in the proprietary period,and increase the yield. The Chinese medicine source regulator may improve the quality of A. sinensis by increasing the abundance of Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere soil.

Key words: Angelica sinensis, plant growth regulator, 16S rDNA, bacterial community, rhizosphere soil

XIE Tian-peng, LIU Na, LIU Yue-min, QU Xin, BO Shuang-qin, JING Ming. Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Application of Plant Growth Regulators from Traditional Chinese Medicine on the Quality and Its Bacterial Community in Rhizosphere Soil[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(3): 79-91.

Figures/Tables 11

References 29

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处理 Treatment	氮肥 Nitrogen fertilizer /（kg·m^-2）	磷肥 Phosphorus fertilizer /（kg·m^-2）	中药源调节剂 Regulator from traditional Chinese medicine /（kg·m^-2）
CK	4.5	3.7	0
T1	4.5	3.7	10
T2	3.6	2.9	10
T3	2.7	2.2	10

处理 Treatment	氮肥 Nitrogen fertilizer /（kg·m^-2）	磷肥 Phosphorus fertilizer /（kg·m^-2）	中药源调节剂 Regulator from traditional Chinese medicine /（kg·m^-2）
CK	4.5	3.7	0
T1	4.5	3.7	10
T2	3.6	2.9	10
T3	2.7	2.2	10

采收时期 Collection period	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass	根长 Root length	芦头直径 Main root diameter	地下部生物量 Underground biomass
D1	CK	1.31±0.01a	1.94±0.03a	0.98±0.03c	0.63±0.03c	1.37±0.02bc
	T1	1.24±0.03ab	1.81±0.06ab	1.09±0.02ab	0.75±0.01ab	1.49±0.01ab
	T2	1.16±0.02b	1.73±0.05b	1.13±0.02a	0.78±0.02a	1.61±0.03a
	T3	1.12±0.02b	1.54±0.07c	1.03±0.02bc	0.69±0.01bc	1.34±0.04c
D2	CK	1.54±0.02a	2.80±0.07a	0.86±0.03b	0.71±0.04b	1.46±0.06b
	T1	1.49±0.02a	2.69±0.07a	0.86±0.05b	0.78±0.06a	1.83±0.12a
	T2	1.36±0.02b	2.22±0.05c	1.02±0.04a	0.77±0.02a	2.05±0.08a
	T3	1.37±0.01b	2.45±0.04b	0.88±0.03b	0.74±0.03b	1.82±0.10a
D3	CK	1.68±0.01a	3.67±0.03a	1.15±0.02a	1.12±0.02a	2.65±0.05b
	T1	1.67±0.01a	3.49±0.03b	1.15±0.01a	1.12±0.02a	2.71±0.05b
	T2	1.65±0.01a	3.46±0.05b	1.13±0.02a	1.13±0.01a	2.89±0.03a
	T3	1.59±0.01b	3.26±0.05c	1.09±0.03a	1.12±0.02a	2.47±0.06c
D4	CK	1.66±0.01b	3.79±0.03abc	1.18±0.01a	1.14±0.01a	3.06±0.03a
	T1	1.70±0.01a	3.90±0.05a	1.18±0.01a	1.15±0.03a	3.07±0.05a
	T2	1.64±0.01b	3.69±0.04c	1.18±0.01a	1.09±0.02a	2.94±0.04a
	T3	1.66±0.01b	3.77±0.04b	1.15±0.02a	1.09±0.02a	2.96±0.05a
D5	CK	1.65±0.01c	3.75±0.04b	1.27±0.02a	1.22±0.02a	3.26±0.04a
	T1	1.71±0.01a	3.97±0.05a	1.31±0.01a	1.26±0.02a	3.34±0.04a
	T2	1.70±0.01a	4.01±0.05a	1.31±0.02a	1.27±0.02a	3.36±0.04a
	T3	1.68±0.01b	3.90±0.06a	1.29±0.02a	1.21±0.03a	3.26±0.06a

采收时期 Collection period	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass	根长 Root length	芦头直径 Main root diameter	地下部生物量 Underground biomass
D1	CK	1.31±0.01a	1.94±0.03a	0.98±0.03c	0.63±0.03c	1.37±0.02bc
	T1	1.24±0.03ab	1.81±0.06ab	1.09±0.02ab	0.75±0.01ab	1.49±0.01ab
	T2	1.16±0.02b	1.73±0.05b	1.13±0.02a	0.78±0.02a	1.61±0.03a
	T3	1.12±0.02b	1.54±0.07c	1.03±0.02bc	0.69±0.01bc	1.34±0.04c
D2	CK	1.54±0.02a	2.80±0.07a	0.86±0.03b	0.71±0.04b	1.46±0.06b
	T1	1.49±0.02a	2.69±0.07a	0.86±0.05b	0.78±0.06a	1.83±0.12a
	T2	1.36±0.02b	2.22±0.05c	1.02±0.04a	0.77±0.02a	2.05±0.08a
	T3	1.37±0.01b	2.45±0.04b	0.88±0.03b	0.74±0.03b	1.82±0.10a
D3	CK	1.68±0.01a	3.67±0.03a	1.15±0.02a	1.12±0.02a	2.65±0.05b
	T1	1.67±0.01a	3.49±0.03b	1.15±0.01a	1.12±0.02a	2.71±0.05b
	T2	1.65±0.01a	3.46±0.05b	1.13±0.02a	1.13±0.01a	2.89±0.03a
	T3	1.59±0.01b	3.26±0.05c	1.09±0.03a	1.12±0.02a	2.47±0.06c
D4	CK	1.66±0.01b	3.79±0.03abc	1.18±0.01a	1.14±0.01a	3.06±0.03a
	T1	1.70±0.01a	3.90±0.05a	1.18±0.01a	1.15±0.03a	3.07±0.05a
	T2	1.64±0.01b	3.69±0.04c	1.18±0.01a	1.09±0.02a	2.94±0.04a
	T3	1.66±0.01b	3.77±0.04b	1.15±0.02a	1.09±0.02a	2.96±0.05a
D5	CK	1.65±0.01c	3.75±0.04b	1.27±0.02a	1.22±0.02a	3.26±0.04a
	T1	1.71±0.01a	3.97±0.05a	1.31±0.01a	1.26±0.02a	3.34±0.04a
	T2	1.70±0.01a	4.01±0.05a	1.31±0.02a	1.27±0.02a	3.36±0.04a
	T3	1.68±0.01b	3.90±0.06a	1.29±0.02a	1.21±0.03a	3.26±0.06a

处理 Treatment	蚜虫出现率 Aphid emergence rate /%	蚜虫密度 Aphid density /（Aphids·cm^-2）	病情指数 Disease index/%	发病率 Incidence rate/%	产量 Yield /（kg·m^-2）
CK	84.0±7.4a	12.20±1.39a	43.22±1.50a	88.0±6.6a	1.85±0.158c
T1	52.0±10.1b	11.44±1.60a	25.37±1.32b	52.2±10.1b	2.88±0.139b
T2	40.1±10.0b	11.96±1.53a	24.98±1.57b	48.0±19.1b	4.83±0.260a
T3	48.2±10.0b	11.36±1.62a	22.77±1.42b	40.1±10.0b	3.01±0.085b