The Mechanism of Exogenous Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria Promoting Nutrient Absorption in Camellia oleifera

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0313

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effects of phosphate-solubilizing strains such as Burkholderia sp. and Pantoea sp. on the rhizosphere environment and nutrient absorption of Camellia oleifera in the field, which may provide theoretical basis for bacterial fertilizer application of C. oleifera in red soil region. Method Three-year old C. oleifera ‘Changlin No. 40’ planted in the field was used as the experimental material. Single inoculation with Burkholderia sp. HS5, Pantoea sp. CL37, and mixed inoculation with Burkholderia sp. HS5+Pantoea sp. CL37 were carried out, and an equal amount of sterile water was added as the control (CK). Leaf nutrients, soil physicochemical properties, phosphatase activity, P bioavailability, and bacterial community in the rhizosphere of C. oleifera were measured. Redundancy analysis and Mantel analysis were used to explore the effects of PSB (Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria) on nutrient absorption and rhizosphere soil phosphorus availability of C. oleifera. Result Compared with CK treatment, exogenous PSB inoculation increased the nutrient absorption of C. oleifera. HS5＋CL37 treatment significantly increased soil available phosphorus (AP), phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC), NH $4 +$ -N, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 129.11%, 227.30%, 54.53%, and 8.82%, respectively, among which the mixed inoculation of HS5+CL37 had the best improvement effect. Exogenous PSB inoculation significantly increased CaCl₂-P, Citrate-P, and Enzyma-P, but decreased HCl-P, and HS5+CL37 showed the most significant increase in Citrate-P and Enzyma-P. The bacterial diversity of C. oleifera rhizosphere was not significant under exogenous PSB treatment, but it significantly affected the relative abundance of some dominant in phyla and genera level. Mantel analysis indicated that the nitrogen uptake of C. oleifera were significantly positively affected by Methylomirobilota and uncultured Acidobacteria. Conclusion Exogenous PSB enhances soil phosphatase activity and promote phosphorus activation by influencing the composition of rhizosphere bacteria, thereby improving phosphorus availability in soil and increasing the nitrogen uptake of C. oleifera.

Key words: Camellia oleifera, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, P bioavailability fractions, soil phosphatase activity, bacterial community

PAN Zhong-fei, YIN Qian, MA Rong, XIONG Huan, DONG Wen-tong, ZOU Feng. The Mechanism of Exogenous Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria Promoting Nutrient Absorption in Camellia oleifera[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(10): 292-302.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 IAA secretion and colonization variations of two PSB strainsDifferent lowercase letters indicate significant differences during the same period (P<0.05)

Fig. 2 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the nutrient accumulation in C. oleifera leavesDifferent lowercase letters indicate significant differences in different treatments (P< 0.05). The same below

Table 1 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the rhizosphere soil nutrient and phosphatase activity of C. oleifera

指标 Index	处理 Treatments
指标 Index	HS5	CL37	HS5＋CL37	CK
硝态氮 NO $3 -$ -N （mg/kg）	3.30±0.53ab	4.26±0.60a	3.75±0.57ab	2.68±0.88b
氨态氮 NH $4 +$ -N （mg/kg）	6.19±2.35a	5.29±0.72a	6.83±2.24a	4.42±0.50b
有效磷 AP （mg/kg）	1.86±0.31a	1.60±0.28a	2.08±0.40a	0.91±0.25b
全磷 TP （g/kg）	0.68±0.01b	0.74±0.08b	0.72±0.18b	1.14±0.36a
磷活化系数 PAC	0.27±0.04ab	0.22±0.03b	0.29±0.02a	0.09±0.05c
有机碳 SOC （g/kg）	0.80±0.08ab	1.05±0.13a	0.84±0.09ab	0.51±0.37b
pH值 pH value	4.57±0.04a	4.55±0.03a	4.46±0.13a	4.59±0.10a
碱性磷酸酶活性 ALP （U/g）	5 437.08±1 285.49a	4 958.70±808.46ab	4 432.32±897.85ab	4 072.95±629.65b
酸性磷酸酶活性 ACP （U/g）	16 062.07±509.46a	16 153.59±1 258.73a	17 009.93±3 248.91a	15 498.8±200.98a

Table 1 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the rhizosphere soil nutrient and phosphatase activity of C. oleifera

指标 Index	处理 Treatments
指标 Index	HS5	CL37	HS5＋CL37	CK
硝态氮 NO $3 -$ -N （mg/kg）	3.30±0.53ab	4.26±0.60a	3.75±0.57ab	2.68±0.88b
氨态氮 NH $4 +$ -N （mg/kg）	6.19±2.35a	5.29±0.72a	6.83±2.24a	4.42±0.50b
有效磷 AP （mg/kg）	1.86±0.31a	1.60±0.28a	2.08±0.40a	0.91±0.25b
全磷 TP （g/kg）	0.68±0.01b	0.74±0.08b	0.72±0.18b	1.14±0.36a
磷活化系数 PAC	0.27±0.04ab	0.22±0.03b	0.29±0.02a	0.09±0.05c
有机碳 SOC （g/kg）	0.80±0.08ab	1.05±0.13a	0.84±0.09ab	0.51±0.37b
pH值 pH value	4.57±0.04a	4.55±0.03a	4.46±0.13a	4.59±0.10a
碱性磷酸酶活性 ALP （U/g）	5 437.08±1 285.49a	4 958.70±808.46ab	4 432.32±897.85ab	4 072.95±629.65b
酸性磷酸酶活性 ACP （U/g）	16 062.07±509.46a	16 153.59±1 258.73a	17 009.93±3 248.91a	15 498.8±200.98a

Fig. 3 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the phosphorus fraction in rhizosphere of C. oleifera

Table 2 Effect of exogenous PSB treatments on bacterial community diversity in the rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

处理 Treatment	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香农指数 Shannon index
HS5	2 063.47±207.13a	2 061.37±207.73a	0.997 4a	9.57±0.09a
CL37	2 099.18±381.60a	2 096.07±381.53a	0.996 8a	9.46±0.11a
HS5＋CL37	1 915.64±386.80a	1 913.08±387.55a	0.996 5a	9.35±0.29a
CK	2 093.00±274.390a	2 089.76±274.54a	0.997 3a	9.59±0.19a

Fig. 4 NMDS analysis of bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

Fig. 5 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the community composition in the rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

Table 3 Relative abundance of dominant bacterial at phylum kevel of C. oleifera rhizosphere soil under exogenous PSB inoculation

处理 Treatment	Actinobacteriota （%）	Unclassified_Bacteria （%）	Verrucomicrobiota （%）	Patescibacteria （%）	Methylomirabilota （%）	Bdellovibrionota （%）	Elusimicrobiota （%）
HS5	12.58±0.64b	13.61±1.31ab	2.03±0.06a	0.45±0.08b	0.83±0.15a	0.22±0.06b	0.15±0.02a
CL37	19.59±2.93a	15.93±2.94a	1.21±0.3b	1.20±0.41a	0.10±0.12b	0.35±0.06a	0.07±0.05b
HS5＋CL37	16.64±2.83a	11.87±0.63b	1.16±0.39b	0.65±0.06b	0.23±0.19b	0.29±0.08ab	0.04±0.03b
CK	16.13±0.29bc	11.79±1.18b	1.39±0.29b	0.91±0.37ab	0.38±0.4ab	0.22±0.01b	0.07±0.03b

Table 4 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the relative abundance of dominant bacterial at genera kevel in rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

差异菌属 Differential bacterial genus	处理 Treatments
差异菌属 Differential bacterial genus	HS5	CL37	HS5＋CL37	CK
unclassified_Bacteria	13.61±1.31ab	15.93±2.94a	11.87±0.63b	11.79±1.18b
Sphingomonas	2.46±0.57c	4.84±0.91a	4.69±0.68ab	3.47±0.54bc
unclassified_Acidobacteriales	3.80±0.44a	3.71±0.74a	2.63±0.59b	3.95±0.19a
Acidibacter	2.59±0.25a	1.17±0.10b	2.36±0.57a	1.93±0.75ab
uncultured_Acidobacteria_bacterium	3.59±0.84a	0.88±0.47bc	2.17±0.47b	1.37±0.42c
unclassified_Subgroup_2	2.89±0.44a	1.04±0.62b	1.93±0.50b	1.83±0.29b
Pseudolabrys	1.77±0.06a	1.23±0.29b	1.63±0.18a	1.43±0.21ab
unclassified_IMCC26256	1.13±0.10b	1.92±0.53a	1.24±0.12b	1.60±0.37ab

Fig. 6 Redundancy analysis of differential bacteria in the rhizosphere of C. oleifera and soil physicochemical and phosphatase activity

Fig. 7 Effects of environmental factors and bacterial communities on the nutrient uptake of C. oleifera under exogenous PSB inoculation

References 43

[1]	Bargaz A, Elhaissoufi W, Khourchi S, et al. Benefits of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on belowground crop performance for improved crop acquisition of phosphorus [J]. Microbiol Res, 2021, 252: 126842.
[2]	韦双, 韩小美, 黄伟, 等. 望天树人工林根际溶磷细菌的筛选及溶磷特性 [J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(3): 79-92.
	Wei S, Han XM, Huang W, et al. Screening and characteristics of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of Parashorea chinensis plantation [J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2023, 45(3): 79-92.
[3]	Prasad P, Kalam S, Sharma NK, et al. Phosphate solubilization and plant growth promotion by two Pantoea strains isolated from the flowers of Hedychium coronarium L [J]. Front Agron, 2022, 4: 990869.
[4]	Hsu PL, Condron L, O'Callaghan M, et al. HemX is required for production of 2-ketogluconate, the predominant organic anion required for inorganic phosphate solubilization by Burkholderia sp. Ha185 [J]. Environ Microbiol Rep, 2015, 7(6): 918-928.
[5]	Tian SQ, Xu YF, Zhong YL, et al. Exploring the organic acid secretion pathway and potassium solubilization ability of Pantoea vagans ZHS-1 for enhanced rice growth [J]. Plants, 2024, 13(14): 1945.
[6]	Elhaissoufi W, Khourchi S, Ibnyasser A, et al. Phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria could have a stronger influence on wheat root traits and aboveground physiology than rhizosphere P solubilization [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2020, 11: 979.
[7]	吕俊, 潘洪祥, 于存. 马尾松根际溶磷细菌Paraburkholderia sp.的筛选、鉴定及溶磷特性研究 [J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(9): 147-156.
	Lyu J, Pan HX, Yu C. Screening,identification and phosphate-solubilizing characteristics of phosphate-solubilizing Paraburkholderia sp. from Pinus massoniana rhizosphere soil [J]. Biotechnol Bull, 2020, 36(9): 147-156.
[8]	Liu YH, Bai SH, Wang DJ, et al. Relationships among phosphatase activities, functional genes and soil properties following amendment with the bacterium Burkholderia sp. ZP-4 [J]. Land Degrad Dev, 2022, 33(17): 3427-3437.
[9]	Luo D, Shi J, Li M, et al. Consortium of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria promotes maize growth and changes the microbial community composition of rhizosphere soil [J]. Agronomy, 2024, 14(7): 1535.
[10]	潘忠飞, 熊欢, 尹倩, 等. 油茶根际溶磷细菌对不同红壤质地磷组分及磷素转化的影响 [J]. 微生物学报, 2025, 65(5): 2014-2033.
	Pan ZF, Xiong H, Yin Q, et al. Effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of Camellia oleifera on phosphorus fractions and phosphorus transformation in red soil with different textures [J]. Acta Microbiol Sin, 2025, 65(5): 2014-2033.
[11]	陈永忠. 我国油茶科技进展与未来核心技术 [J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2023, 43(7): 1-22.
	Chen YZ. Scientific and technological progress and future core technologies of oil tea Camellia in China [J]. J Cent South Univ For Technol, 2023, 43(7): 1-22.
[12]	Cao MG, Liu RC, Xiao ZY, et al. Symbiotic fungi alter the acquisition of phosphorus in Camellia oleifera through regulating root architecture, plant phosphate transporter gene expressions and soil phosphatase activities [J]. J Fungi, 2022, 8(8): 800.
[13]	Wu F, Li JR, Chen YL, et al. Effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake of Camellia oleifera Abel [J]. Forests, 2019, 10(4): 348.
[14]	Huang YX, Lin YL, Zhang LP, et al. Effects of interaction between Claroideogolmus etuicatum and Bacillus aryabhattai on the utilization of organic phosphorus in Camellia oleifera Abel [J]. J Fungi, 2023, 9(10): 977.
[15]	王梦姣, 郑天骄. 蓝莓根际土壤微生物群落结构及促生菌筛选 [J]. 西南农业学报, 2023, 36(5): 983-991.
	Wang MJ, Zheng TJ. Microbial community structure and screening of growth-promoting bacteria in blueberry rhizosphere soil [J]. Southwest China J Agric Sci, 2023, 36(5): 983-991.
[16]	李颖, 龙长梅, 蒋标, 等. 两株PGPR菌株的花生定殖及对根际细菌群落结构的影响 [J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(9): 237-247.
	Li Y, Long CM, Jiang B, et al. Colonization on the peanuts of two plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria strains and effects on the bacterial community structure of rhizosphere [J]. Biotechnol Bull, 2022, 38(9): 237-247.
[17]	李思思, 符运会, 罗宇, 等. 一株高效溶磷菌的条件优化及其促生特性研究 [J]. 河南农业科学, 2022, 51(11): 73-81.
	Li SS, Fu YH, Luo Y, et al. Optimization of the conditions of an efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterium and study of its growth-promoting effect [J]. J Henan Agric Sci, 2022, 51(11): 73-81.
[18]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析 [M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
	Bao SD. Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis [M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[19]	Yang YG, Geng YQ, Zhou HJ, et al. Effects of gaps in the forest canopy on soil microbial communities and enzyme activity in a Chinese pine forest [J]. Pedobiologia, 2017, 61: 51-60.
[20]	DeLuca TH, Glanville HC, Harris M, et al. A novel biologically-based approach to evaluating soil phosphorus availability across complex landscapes [J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2015, 88: 110-119.
[21]	Peng X, Zhang XW, Li ZX, et al. Unraveling the ecological mechanisms of Aluminum on microbial community succession in epiphytic biofilms on Vallisneria natans leaves: Novel insights from microbial interactions [J]. J Hazard Mater, 2024, 469: 133932.
[22]	Ji XY, Tang JL, Zhang JP. Effects of salt stress on the morphology, growth and physiological parameters of Juglansmicrocarpa L. seedlings [J]. Plants, 2022, 11(18): 2381.
[23]	周晓倩, 冯薇, 贺斌, 等. 毛乌素沙地土壤解磷菌的分离筛选及其解磷机制 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2024, 40(11): 109-118.
	Zhou XQ, Feng W, He B, et al. Isolation and screening of soil phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and their phosphate solubilization mechanisms in the Mu Us Desert [J]. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng, 2024, 40(11): 109-118.
[24]	Mohamed TA, Wu JQ, Zhao Y, et al. Insights into enzyme activity and phosphorus conversion during kitchen waste composting utilizing phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial inoculation [J]. Bioresour Technol, 2022, 362: 127823.
[25]	Adhikari P, Jain R, Sharma A, et al. Plant growth promotion at low temperature by phosphate-solubilizing Pseudomonas spp. isolated from high-altitude Himalayan soil [J]. Microb Ecol, 2021, 82(3): 677-687.
[26]	蔡观, 胡亚军, 王婷婷, 等. 基于生物有效性的农田土壤磷素组分特征及其影响因素分析 [J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(4): 1606-1612.
	Cai G, Hu YJ, Wang TT, et al. Characteristics and influencing factors of biologically-based phosphorus fractions in the farmland soil [J]. Environ Sci, 2017, 38(4): 1606-1612.
[27]	杨豆, 石福习, 万松泽, 等. 金黄蓝状菌对毛竹土壤磷组分及苗木生物量的影响 [J]. 林业科学研究, 2021, 34(3): 145-151.
	Yang D, Shi FX, Wan SZ, et al. Influence of Talaromyces aurantiacus on the soil phosphorus fraction and biomass of Moso Bamboo Seedling [J]. For Res, 2021, 34(3): 145-151.
[28]	Wang Y, Zhang M, Dong LG, et al. Interactions between root and rhizosphere microbes mediate phosphorus acquisition in Pinus tabulaeformis [J]. Ind Crops Prod, 2024, 215: 118624.
[29]	陈嘉琪, 赵光宇, 李仰龙, 等. 杉木人工林土壤磷素形态及含量的林龄变化 [J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(5): 10-17.
	Chen JQ, Zhao GY, Li YL, et al. Age changes of soil phosphorus form and content in Chinese Fir Plantations [J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 2022, 58(5): 10-17.
[30]	Wang YM, Peng S, Hua QQ, et al. The long-term effects of using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria as biofertilizers on peanut yield and soil bacteria community [J]. Front Microbiol, 2021, 12: 693535.
[31]	Raymond NS, Gómez-Muñoz B, van der Bom FJT, et al. Phosphate-solubilising microorganisms for improved crop productivity: a critical assessment [J]. New Phytol, 2021, 229(3): 1268-1277.
[32]	Li X, Feng CL, Chen L, et al. Cultivable rhizobacteria improve Castor bean seedlings root and plant growth in Pb-Zn treated soil [J]. Rhizosphere, 2021, 19: 100406.
[33]	Zhu Y, Xing YJ, Li Y, et al. The role of phosphate-solubilizing microbial interactions in phosphorus activation and utilization in plant-soil systems: a review [J]. Plants, 2024, 13(19): 2686.
[34]	Xu HY, Lv J, Yu C. Combined phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms jointly promote Pinus massoniana growth by modulating rhizosphere environment and key biological pathways in seedlings [J]. Ind Crops Prod, 2023, 191: 116005.
[35]	陈详腾, 魏书蒙, 焦如珍, 等. 乌汶伯克霍尔德菌P5和格氏假单胞菌RP22促杉木生长机制探究 [J]. 林业科学研究, 2024, 37(5): 33-45.
	Chen XT, Wei SM, Jiao RZ, et al. Mechanism of Burkholderia ubonensis P5 and Pseudomonas grimontii RP22 to promote growth of Chinese fir [J]. For Res, 2024, 37(5): 33-45.
[36]	Huang YM, Zhai LM, Chai XF, et al. Bacillus B2 promotes root growth and enhances phosphorus absorption in apple rootstocks by affecting MhMYB15 [J]. Plant J, 2024, 119(4): 1880-1899.
[37]	Zeng QW, Wu XQ, Wen XY. Identification and characterization of the rhizosphere phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis JW-SD2, and its plant growth-promoting effects on poplar seedlings [J]. Ann Microbiol, 2016, 66(4): 1343-1354.
[38]	吴林坤, 林向民, 林文雄. 根系分泌物介导下植物-土壤-微生物互作关系研究进展与展望 [J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(3): 298-310.
	Wu LK, Lin XM, Lin WX. Advances and perspective in research on plant-soil-microbe interactions mediated by root exudates [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(3): 298-310.
[39]	Lu JY, Cai JP, Dijkstra FA, et al. Rhizosphere priming and effects on mobilization and immobilization of multiple soil nutrients [J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2024, 199: 109615.
[40]	张仲富, 王四海, 杨卫, 等. 蒜头果根际细菌群落结构与功能特征对其健康状态的响应 [J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(7): 1020-1031.
	Zhang ZF, Wang SH, Yang W, et al. Response of rhizosphere microbial community structure and functional characteristics to health status of Malania oleifera [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(7): 1020-1031.
[41]	Kalam S, Basu A, Ahmad I, et al. Recent understanding of soil acidobacteria and their ecological significance: a critical review [J]. Front Microbiol, 2020, 11: 580024.
[42]	陶先法, 李冰, 喻召雄, 等. 稻虾共生模式对水稻结实期根系分泌物及微生物的影响 [J]. 水产学报, 2022, 46(11): 2122-2133.
	Tao XF, Li B, Yu ZX, et al. Effects of rice-crayfish integrated model on root exudates and microorganisms of rice during grain filling [J]. J Fish of China, 2022, 46(11): 2122-2133.
[43]	He T, Xu ZJ, Wang JF, et al. Improving cadmium accumulation by Solanum nigrum L. via regulating rhizobacterial community and metabolic function with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria colonization [J]. Chemosphere, 2022, 287(Pt 2): 132209.