生物技术通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 31-39.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1589

• 表观遗传学专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

哺乳动物DNA甲基转移酶DNMT1和DNMT3结构与功能的研究进展

王晨晨1(), 张凡丽1, 陈珮琪1, 翁思瑶1, 王慧芳1, 崔小娟1,2()   

  1. 1.湖南科技大学生命科学与健康学院,湘潭 411201
    2.湖南科技大学经济作物遗传改良与综合利用湖南省重点实验室,湘潭 411201
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-23 出版日期:2022-07-26 发布日期:2022-08-09
  • 作者简介:王晨晨,女,硕士研究生,研究方向:鱼类遗传与育种;E-mail: 1770429433@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2018JJ3149);湖南省教育厅优青项目(20B235)

Research Progress in the Structural and Functional Analysis of Mammalian DNA Methyltransferase DNMT1 and DNMT3

WANG Chen-chen1(), ZHANG Fan-li1, CHEN Pei-qi1, WENG Si-yao1, WANG Hui-fang1, CUI Xiao-juan1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Life and Health Science,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201
    2. Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201
  • Received:2021-12-23 Published:2022-07-26 Online:2022-08-09

摘要:

DNA甲基转移酶是参与表观遗传修饰的重要蛋白家族。哺乳动物DNA甲基转移酶主要包括DNMT1、DNMT2、DNMT3A、DNMT3B和DNMT3L,其中,DNMT1、DNMT3A和DNMT3B可催化甲基转移至胞嘧啶第五位碳原子上,参与早期胚胎发育、生殖细胞发生、学习记忆、疾病发生等生物学过程。近年来,随着对DNA甲基化研究的不断深入,DNA甲基转移酶的作用机制受到科学工作者的广泛关注。该文从哺乳动物DNA甲基转移酶的结构特点、DNA甲基化的动态调节以及DNA甲基转移酶在个体发育和疾病发生中的作用等方面进行了综述。

关键词: DNA甲基转移酶, DNA甲基化, 结构, 个体发育, 疾病发生

Abstract:

The DNA methyltransferases are an important protein family involved in epigenetic modification,and DNMT1,DNMT2,DNMT3A,DNMT3B and DNMT3L are the main members in mammalian. Particularly,the methyl group are transferred to the fifth carbon atom of cytosine catalyzed by DNMT1,DNMT3A and DNMT3B,which are involved in numerous biological processes of early embryonic development,germ cell development,learning and memory,and disease occurrence. In recent years,with the development of the study on the DNA methylation,the mechanism of DNA methyltransferases has attracted extensive attention from scientists. In this paper,the structural characteristics of mammalian DNA methyltransferases,the dynamic regulation of mammalian DNA methylation,and the role of DNA methyltransferases in ontogeny and disease occurrence are reviewed.

Key words: DNA methyltransferases, DNA methylation, structural characteristics, ontogeny, disease occurrence