环状RNA研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0127

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 环状RNA（circRNA）出现在转录后的剪切过程中,单链的RNA分子通过共价结合形成一个环形。高通量测序技术的进步对线性非编码RNA（nocoding linear RNA,NCL）进行了全面的探究,这使得NCL重新走入研究者的视野中,尤其是环状RNA。环状RNA已被证实其丰富,高度表达,和进化保守等特性。一些环状RNA已经被证明能够影响microRNA对基因的调控,可以作为miRNA海绵体,并可能对亲本基因有转录调节的作用,有翻译以及其它的一些功能。并且对一些疾病有着重要的作用,对阿尔兹海默症、糖尿病、缺血性心脏病以及一些癌症都有着调控作用,既可以调节疾病的发展也可以作为一种生物标记物来对疾病进行检测。对环状RNA的形成机制、功能、检测方法、novel 环状RNA的鉴定以及疾病相关性进行了总结与概述,并对未来研究进行了展望。

关键词: 环状RNA, 非编码, 调控, 检测, 鉴定, 疾病相关

Abstract: Circular RNA（circRNA）appears in the splicing process of transcription,and single-stranded RNA molecules form a ring via covalent bonding. The development of high-throughput sequencing technology allows a comprehensive study of noncoding linear RNA（NCL）,this makes the NCL re-entering into the researcher's vision,especially the circRNA. circRNA has been proved to have features of rich,highly expressed,and evolutionary conservative. Some circRNAs have been demonstrated to have the functions that can affect the regulation of microRNA to genes,can be used as the miRNA sponges,can regulate the transcription of parent gene,and also have translation function and some other functions. It plays an important role in some diseases,and has a regulating effect on Alzheimer's disease,diabetes,ischemic heart disease and some other cancers. It can not only regulate the progression of diseases but also can be used as a biological marker for disease detection. Therefore in this paper,we give the overview about biogenesis,function,detection methods of circRNAs,novel circRNA identification and their associations with diseases,and we prospect its further study.

Key words: circular RNA, noncoding, regulation, detection, identification, association with disease

李宏宇, 许文涛. 环状RNA研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(12): 21-31.

LI Hong-yu, XU Wen-tao. Research Progress on Circular RNA[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(12): 21-31.

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