蛋白源生物质的绿色生物转化

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0365

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物能源的大规模应用有助于环境保护和能源的可持续供给。目前生物燃料工艺开发实现了碳的循环利用,但尚未对氮的循环给予充分的重视。鉴于当前富含蛋白质的废弃物种类繁多且数量巨大,将蛋白质中氨基酸的碳骨架转化为生物燃料、大宗化学品及药物中间体等高附加值化合物正成为一个渐受关注的领域。从氨的生物循环利用角度入手,介绍了利用经光合作用生产的蛋白质等废弃物转化为高附加值化合物的高效、低成本、可持续的生产体系,并综述了进一步优化绿色转化技术所面临的挑战及可能的应对策略,旨为下一步高附加值化合物的低污染和高效生产提供参考。

关键词: 氮平衡, 蛋白源生物质, 生物转化, 高附加值化合物

Abstract:

The large-scale application of bioenergy contributes to environmental protection and sustainable energy supply. At present,the recycling of carbon in the development of biofuel technology has emerged,but the recycling of nitrogen has not been given sufficient attention. Considering the wide variety and huge amount of protein-rich wastes,the conversion of the carbon backbone of amino acids in proteins into high value-added compounds such as biofuels,bulk chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates is becoming a growing concern. From the perspective of the biological recycling of ammonia,this paper details an efficient,low-cost and sustainable production system of converting protein-rich biomass waste produced by photosynthesis into high-value compounds. In addition,the paper also summarizes the challenges and feasible strategies in further optimizing the biotransformation technology,which provides a reference for the low pollution and efficient production of high value-added compounds in the next step.

Key words: nitrogen balance, protein-derived biomass, biotransformation, high value-added compounds

梁昕鑫, 唐丹, 霍毅欣. 蛋白源生物质的绿色生物转化[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(12): 216-228.

LIANG Xin-xin, TANG Dan, HUO Yi-xin. Green Biotransformation of Protein-derived Biomass[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(12): 216-228.

图/表 13

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富含蛋白质的生物质残留物/生物质种类	蛋白质含量（%,以干重为基准）	市场价格（￥t^-1生物质）	潜在价值（￥ t^-1 生物质）
含可溶物的干酒糟（DDGS）	20-40	770-1160	3100
甜菜酒渣	15-30	1160-1390	5420
蓖麻粕	30-60	770-1010	2320
豆粕	45-55	2320	4640
家禽羽毛	80-90	2320	2710

富含蛋白质的生物质残留物/生物质种类	蛋白质含量（%,以干重为基准）	市场价格（￥t^-1生物质）	潜在价值（￥ t^-1 生物质）
含可溶物的干酒糟（DDGS）	20-40	770-1160	3100
甜菜酒渣	15-30	1160-1390	5420
蓖麻粕	30-60	770-1010	2320
豆粕	45-55	2320	4640
家禽羽毛	80-90	2320	2710

蛋白源生物质种类	Gly	Ala	Val	Leu	Ile	Ser	Thr	Cys	Met	Pro	Phe	Tyr	Trp	Cys	Lys	Arg	Asp/ Asn	Glu/ Gln
小麦酒糟（DDGS）	4.5	4.3	4.8	6.6	3.4	4.5	3.4	1.1	1.6	10.3	4.7	3.3	0.0	2.2	2.7	3.2	5.5	33.8
木薯叶	7.0	7.7	0.0	11.6	6.8	6.2	0.0	1.3	2.9	0.0	7.2	5.7	2.7	3.2	8.2	7.2	8.5	13.9
甜菜酒渣	3.6	4.5	2.9	3.2	2.7	3.2	1.9	0.0	4.2	3.2	1.5	1.9	0.8	1.2	1.7	0.8	8.0	54.8
蓖麻粕	5.0	4.8	5.9	7.0	4.7	6.0	3.9	2.6	1.9	4.2	4.5	0.0	/	2.3	3.6	12.0	10.0	21.0
豆粕	4.0	4.3	5.1	7.5	5.2	4.9	3.8	1.6	1.4	4.5	4.9	3.3	1.7	2.3	6.4	7.8	11.9	19.7
家禽羽毛	7.3	5.9	6.6	8.2	4.9	10.7	4.2	4.2	5.6	8.5	4.8	2.4	/	1.3	2.3	6.7	6.6	9.9

蛋白源生物质种类	Gly	Ala	Val	Leu	Ile	Ser	Thr	Cys	Met	Pro	Phe	Tyr	Trp	Cys	Lys	Arg	Asp/ Asn	Glu/ Gln
小麦酒糟（DDGS）	4.5	4.3	4.8	6.6	3.4	4.5	3.4	1.1	1.6	10.3	4.7	3.3	0.0	2.2	2.7	3.2	5.5	33.8
木薯叶	7.0	7.7	0.0	11.6	6.8	6.2	0.0	1.3	2.9	0.0	7.2	5.7	2.7	3.2	8.2	7.2	8.5	13.9
甜菜酒渣	3.6	4.5	2.9	3.2	2.7	3.2	1.9	0.0	4.2	3.2	1.5	1.9	0.8	1.2	1.7	0.8	8.0	54.8
蓖麻粕	5.0	4.8	5.9	7.0	4.7	6.0	3.9	2.6	1.9	4.2	4.5	0.0	/	2.3	3.6	12.0	10.0	21.0
豆粕	4.0	4.3	5.1	7.5	5.2	4.9	3.8	1.6	1.4	4.5	4.9	3.3	1.7	2.3	6.4	7.8	11.9	19.7
家禽羽毛	7.3	5.9	6.6	8.2	4.9	10.7	4.2	4.2	5.6	8.5	4.8	2.4	/	1.3	2.3	6.7	6.6	9.9

氨基酸产品种类	主要生产方法	市场交易量（Mt）	价格（￥ t^-1）	主要应用
L-谷氨酸钠	谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵	3	约7750	食品增味剂
L-赖氨酸·盐酸盐	谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵	2.4	约9300	饲料营养
D,L-蛋氨酸	化学合成	1	约19350	饲料营养
L-苏氨酸	大肠杆菌发酵	0.6	约10450	食物和饲料营养