破囊壶菌生产角鲨烯的研究现状

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1148

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

角鲨烯是一种重要的多不饱和三萜类物质,能参与人体内多个生理过程,具有增强机体免疫、延缓皮肤衰老、防癌等功效。破囊壶菌在异养条件下能够快速生长并合成较高含量的角鲨烯,具有开发生产角鲨烯的应用潜力。首先概述了破囊壶菌的生态学和生物技术应用潜力,重点讨论了利用破囊壶菌生产角鲨烯的研究现状,并对破囊壶菌合成角鲨烯的代谢途径进行了总结;然后,对影响破囊壶菌发酵生产角鲨烯的5个主要因素进行了综述,并总结了激素类物质对破囊壶菌角鲨烯产量的调控作用。对上述一系列问题的阐述旨在为利用破囊壶菌产角鲨烯的进一步研究开发提供参考。

关键词: 破囊壶菌, 角鲨烯, 影响因素, 代谢通路, 激素

Abstract:

Squalene is an important polyunsaturated triterpene substance,participates in multiple physiological processes in human body,and has the effect of enhancing immunity,delaying skin aging,and preventing the cancer. Under heterotrophic conditions,Thraustochytrids can grow rapidly and synthesize high content of squalene,thus there is the potential of developing industrial production of squalene. In this paper,the application potential of ecology and biotechnology of Thraustochytrids were outlined,focusing on the research status of squalene production by Thraustochytrids,and the metabolic pathways of squalene synthesis by Thraustochytrids were summarized. Then,five main factors affecting the production of squalene in the fermentation of Thraustochytrids were reviewed,and the regulatory effects of hormone substances on the production of squalene by Thraustochytrids were summarized. The aim of this review is to provide reference for the further research and development of squalene production by Thraustochytrids.

Key words: Thraustochytrids, squalene, influencing factors, metabolic pathway, hormone

李梦凡, 谢云轩, 谢宁栋, 张爱卿, 汪光义. 破囊壶菌生产角鲨烯的研究现状[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(4): 234-244.

LI Meng-fan, XIE Yun-xuan, XIE Ning-dong, ZHANG Ai-qing, WANG Guang-yi. Research Status in the Production of Squalene by Thraustochytrids[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(4): 234-244.

图/表 3

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菌株 Strain	角鲨烯产量 Production of squalene	特点 Characteristics	发表时间 Published date	参考文献Reference
Aurantiochytrium sp. BR-MP4-A1	0.57 mg/g DCW	筛选鉴定出一株奥尔兰多属菌株,生物量很高,受到培养条件的高度影响	2009	[26]
Aurantiochytriummangrovei FB3	0.53 mg/g DCW	通过优化培养基和添加角鲨烯环氧化酶抑制剂（特比萘芬）来提高破囊壶菌的角鲨烯产量	2010	[3]
Aurantiochytrium sp. BR-MP4-A1	0.72 mg/g DCW	研究了不同氮源之间的相互作用对破囊壶菌的角鲨烯产量的影响	2010	[30]
Aurantiochytrium sp. 18 W-13a	198 mg/g DCW	有较高产量,可用于后续条件优化工作	2011	[31]
Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6	80.1 mg/g DCW	从生物柴油生产过程的残渣中提取	2014	[32]
Schizochytrium sp.CCTCC 209059b	84mg/g DCW	首次报道了不皂化物（胆固醇、角鲨烯）在脂质更新阶段的增加	2014	[33]
Aurantiochytrium sp. Yonez 5-1	318 mg/g DCW	有较高产量,是采用薄层色谱法（TLC）方法筛选得到	2014	[29]
Schizochytrium limacinum B4D1	20.09 mg/g DCW	通过添加丁醇来降低DHA产量从而提高角鲨烯产量（添加6 g/L丁醇使角鲨烯含量从0.65 mg/g提高到20.09 mg/g）	2017	[34]
Aurantiochytrium sp. T66	1.0 g/L	首次使用木质纤维素作为原料来培养菌株生产角鲨烯	2019	[35]
Schizochytrium limacinum SR21	16.34 mg/g DCW	用经过化学处理的云杉处理液代替葡萄糖生产角鲨烯和DHA	2020	[36]

菌株 Strain	角鲨烯产量 Production of squalene	特点 Characteristics	发表时间 Published date	参考文献Reference
Aurantiochytrium sp. BR-MP4-A1	0.57 mg/g DCW	筛选鉴定出一株奥尔兰多属菌株,生物量很高,受到培养条件的高度影响	2009	[26]
Aurantiochytriummangrovei FB3	0.53 mg/g DCW	通过优化培养基和添加角鲨烯环氧化酶抑制剂（特比萘芬）来提高破囊壶菌的角鲨烯产量	2010	[3]
Aurantiochytrium sp. BR-MP4-A1	0.72 mg/g DCW	研究了不同氮源之间的相互作用对破囊壶菌的角鲨烯产量的影响	2010	[30]
Aurantiochytrium sp. 18 W-13a	198 mg/g DCW	有较高产量,可用于后续条件优化工作	2011	[31]
Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6	80.1 mg/g DCW	从生物柴油生产过程的残渣中提取	2014	[32]
Schizochytrium sp.CCTCC 209059b	84mg/g DCW	首次报道了不皂化物（胆固醇、角鲨烯）在脂质更新阶段的增加	2014	[33]
Aurantiochytrium sp. Yonez 5-1	318 mg/g DCW	有较高产量,是采用薄层色谱法（TLC）方法筛选得到	2014	[29]
Schizochytrium limacinum B4D1	20.09 mg/g DCW	通过添加丁醇来降低DHA产量从而提高角鲨烯产量（添加6 g/L丁醇使角鲨烯含量从0.65 mg/g提高到20.09 mg/g）	2017	[34]
Aurantiochytrium sp. T66	1.0 g/L	首次使用木质纤维素作为原料来培养菌株生产角鲨烯	2019	[35]
Schizochytrium limacinum SR21	16.34 mg/g DCW	用经过化学处理的云杉处理液代替葡萄糖生产角鲨烯和DHA	2020	[36]

菌种 Strains	条件 Condition	角鲨烯产量 The production of squalene	发表时间 Published date	参考文献Reference
Schizochytrium mangrovei FB1	20 g/L葡萄糖	0.162 mg/g DCW	2004	[45]
Aurantiochytrium sp. BR-MP4-A1	30 g/L葡萄糖	0.72 mg/g DCW	2010	[29]
Aurantiochytrium sp. strain 18W-13a	20 g/L葡萄糖	198 mg/g DCW	2011	[31]
Aurantiochytrium sp. strain 18W-13a	20 g/L葡萄糖	171 mg/g DCW	2012	[61]
Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6	90 g/L葡萄糖	33.04 mg/g DCW	2014	[32]
Aurantiochytrium sp. T66	通过有机溶剂预处理获得的桦木水解产物（含30 g/L葡萄糖）	69.31 mg/g DCW（烧瓶培养）88.47 mg/g DCW（生物反应器培养）	2019	[35]
Schizochytrium limacinum SR21	通过有机溶剂预处理获得的云杉水解产物（含60 g/L葡萄糖）	16.34 mg/g DCW	2020	[36]
Aurantiochytrium sp. T66	食用垃圾水解产物（含葡萄糖30 g/L,果糖9.89 g/L）	71.54 mg/g DCW	2020	[62]

菌种 Strains	条件 Condition	角鲨烯产量 The production of squalene	发表时间 Published date	参考文献Reference
Schizochytrium mangrovei FB1	20 g/L葡萄糖	0.162 mg/g DCW	2004	[45]
Aurantiochytrium sp. BR-MP4-A1	30 g/L葡萄糖	0.72 mg/g DCW	2010	[29]
Aurantiochytrium sp. strain 18W-13a	20 g/L葡萄糖	198 mg/g DCW	2011	[31]
Aurantiochytrium sp. strain 18W-13a	20 g/L葡萄糖	171 mg/g DCW	2012	[61]
Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6	90 g/L葡萄糖	33.04 mg/g DCW	2014	[32]
Aurantiochytrium sp. T66	通过有机溶剂预处理获得的桦木水解产物（含30 g/L葡萄糖）	69.31 mg/g DCW（烧瓶培养）88.47 mg/g DCW（生物反应器培养）	2019	[35]
Schizochytrium limacinum SR21	通过有机溶剂预处理获得的云杉水解产物（含60 g/L葡萄糖）	16.34 mg/g DCW	2020	[36]
Aurantiochytrium sp. T66	食用垃圾水解产物（含葡萄糖30 g/L,果糖9.89 g/L）	71.54 mg/g DCW	2020	[62]