基于质谱技术的代谢组学分析方法研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1383

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于质谱技术的代谢组学分析,已广泛用于不同生物样本中小分子代谢物的定性、定量研究,以揭示细胞在受到外源性刺激后发生的内源性代谢变化。由于生物样本成分复杂,所含的代谢物极性跨越大,覆盖范围从水溶性到脂溶性,从而需要多种前处理提取方法和与之匹配的不同色谱质谱条件,来准确获取目标成分的定性、定量信息。因此,小分子代谢物结构与理化性质的多样性,在一定程度上制约了生物样本中整体代谢轮廓信息的高通量获取。重点介绍并讨论不同类型代谢物的前处理提取方法研究进展,以及相应代谢物的液相色谱质谱分析条件。

关键词: 质谱, 代谢组学, 脂质组学

Abstract:

Mass spectrometry（MS）-based metabolomics analyses are now widely applied to identify and quantify small-molecular metabolites in biological samples for uncovering endogenous alterations in cells after their exposure to exogenous stimulus. Duo to the complicated components in biological samples and a big span of polarities of metabolites ranged from hydrophilic to hydrophobic metabolites,a series of extraction protocols and the matched liquid chromatography（LC）and MS conditions are required to obtain the quantitative and qualitative information of target components. To some extent,the diversity of structure and physicochemical properties of small molecule metabolites limits the high-throughput acquirement of whole metabolic profiles from biological samples. Present review focuses on the introduction and discussion of extraction methods of varied metabolites,as well as their corresponding LC-MS conditions.

Key words: mass spectrometry, metabolomics, lipidomics

田鹤, 税光厚. 基于质谱技术的代谢组学分析方法研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(1): 24-32.

TIAN He, SHUI Guang-hou. Advances in Analysis Methods of Mass Spectrometry-based Metabolomics[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(1): 24-32.

图/表 2

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	¹H-NMR	GC-MS	LC-MS
灵敏度	nmol/L	amol/L	amol/L
特异性	质子信号易重叠干扰定性、定量	强	强
稳定性	无需内标校准	依赖内标校准	依赖内标校准
样品前处理	要求低或无需前处理	要求高,除蛋白与杂质	要求高,除蛋白与杂质
代谢组定性数目	一般小于100个	几千到几万个	几千到几万个
检测代谢物种类	氨基酸、有机酸、碳水化合物等	热稳定、易挥发或衍生化后易挥发	热不稳定、难挥发
分子量	动物样品一般小于400,植物样品通常小于800	小于1 000	分子量没有上限

	¹H-NMR	GC-MS	LC-MS
灵敏度	nmol/L	amol/L	amol/L
特异性	质子信号易重叠干扰定性、定量	强	强
稳定性	无需内标校准	依赖内标校准	依赖内标校准
样品前处理	要求低或无需前处理	要求高,除蛋白与杂质	要求高,除蛋白与杂质
代谢组定性数目	一般小于100个	几千到几万个	几千到几万个
检测代谢物种类	氨基酸、有机酸、碳水化合物等	热稳定、易挥发或衍生化后易挥发	热不稳定、难挥发
分子量	动物样品一般小于400,植物样品通常小于800	小于1 000	分子量没有上限