烯效唑缓解植物干旱损伤的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1352

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球气候变化异常引起全球范围内水循环状况剧烈改变，极端天气和旱涝灾害频发，其中干旱已经成为农业生产中最常见的非胁迫生物胁迫之一。干旱胁迫对植物的光合作用、渗透调节和内源激素水平等相关生理过程可产生直接或间接影响，进而降低作物产量和品质，严重制约农业生产。烯效唑具有高效、广谱、快速的特性，具有矮化植株、防止倒伏、提高叶绿素含量的作用，同时也在植物对胁迫耐受性和抗性中发挥着重要作用。外源烯效唑能够缓解干旱胁迫对植物理化进程造成的损伤。本综述系统概述了干旱胁迫对植物理化进程的影响，分别从光合作用、碳代谢、逆境生理、内源激素水平及抗逆基因表达等方面阐明了植物对干旱胁迫的应激反应，分析了干旱胁迫下外源烯效唑在调控活性氧代谢和抗氧化防御系统、提高渗透调节物质含量、调节内源激素水平以及诱导基因表达的积极效应。指出了外源烯效唑缓解干旱胁迫的研究现状和发展趋势，为今后作物生产抗旱研究提供方向和依据。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 烯效唑, 生理响应, 缓释效应

Abstract:

The abnormal global climate change has caused dramatic variation in the water cycle worldwide, and extreme weather and drought and flood disasters have occurred frequently. Drought has become one of the most common non-stress biological stresses in agricultural production. Drought stress can directly or indirectly affect the photosynthesis, osmotic regulation and endogenous hormone levels of plants, thereby reducing crop yield and quality and seriously restricting agricultural production. Uniconazole has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum and rapidity. It has the functions of dwarfing plants, preventing lodging and increasing the content of chlorophyll. It also plays an important role in plant tolerance and resistance to stress. Exogenous uniconazole alleviates the damage of drought stress on plant physical and chemical processes. In this review we systematically summarized the effects of drought stress on the physical and chemical processes of plants, and clarified the stress response of plants to drought stress from the aspects of photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, stress physiology, endogenous hormone levels and stress resistance gene expression. Further we analyzed the positive effects of exogenous uniconazole on regulating reactive oxygen species metabolism and antioxidant defense system, increasing osmotic adjustment substance content, regulating endogenous hormone levels and inducing gene expression under drought stress. Finally, we pointed out the research status and development trend of exogenous uniconazole alleviating drought stress, which provide direction and basis for future research on drought resistance of crop production.

Key words: drought stress, uniconazole, physiological response, relieved efficiency

丁凯鑫, 王立春, 田国奎, 王海艳, 李凤云, 潘阳, 庞泽, 单莹. 烯效唑缓解植物干旱损伤的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(6): 1-11.

DING Kai-xin, WANG Li-chun, TIAN Guo-kui, WANG Hai-yan, LI Feng-yun, PAN Yang, PANG Ze, SHAN Ying. Research Progress in Uniconazole Alleviating Plant Drought Damage[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(6): 1-11.

图/表 1

图1 干旱胁迫对植物生理代谢的影响 ROS：活性氧物质；H2O2：过氧化氢；MDA：丙二醛；O2-：超氧阴离子；SOD：超氧化物歧化酶；POD：过氧化物酶；CAT：过氧化氢酶；APX：抗坏血酸过氧化物酶；AsA：抗坏血酸；DHAR：单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶；GR：谷胱甘肽还原酶；GSH：谷胱甘肽；SS：可溶性糖；SP：可溶性蛋白；Pro：脯氨酸；GB：甜菜碱

Fig. 1 Effects of drought stress on plant physiological metabolism ROS: Reactive oxygen species. H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide. MDA: Malondialdehyde. O2-: Superoxide anion. SOD: Superoxide dismutase. POD: Peroxidase. CAT: Catalase. APX: Ascorbate peroxidase. AsA: Ascorbic acid. DHAR: Monodehydroascorbate reductase. GR: Glutathione reductase. GSH: Gluta-thione. SS: Soluble sugar. SP: Soluble protein. Pro: Proline. GB: Glycine betaine

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