基因编辑技术改良玉米株型增加杂交种产量

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0533

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玉米紧凑株型能够通过密植栽培实现增产。改良玉米株型的关键性状叶夹角，创制紧凑株型的玉米杂交种，能够实现该增产过程。通过基因编辑技术和DTM（desire targeted mutation）策略，突变杂交种中单88的母本CX1的叶夹角形成关键基因ZmLG1，获得株型紧凑的改良母本自交系CX1-lg1。以此母本与中单88的父本CX2杂交，配制获得株型紧凑的ZmLG1Zmlg1改良杂交种中单88M。对改良母本CX1-lg1的制种效率及改良杂交种中单88M在增密栽培下的产量进行评估。结果显示：（1）通过母本株型改良能够实现对杂交种株型的改良；（2）株型紧凑的改良母本CX1-lg1在5 000株/667 m² 的条件下有更高的制种效率；（3）改良杂交种中单88M在不同环境和密度下均有更紧凑株型，且在较高栽培密度下实现增产。以上结果表明基因编辑技术能够通过靶向特定基因实现精确的表型调控，借助DTM策略改良亲本可以实现对杂交种特定表型的改良。

关键词: 基因编辑, 紧凑株型, 叶夹角, 高产

Abstract:

Compact plant architecture in maize achieves increased yield through dense planting. The key trait for improving the plant architecture is leaf angle. By creating hybrid varieties with compact plant architecture, the increased yield can be achieved. Using gene editing technology and the DTM（Desire Targeted Mutation）strategy, the gene ZmLG1 underlying leaf angle was mutated in the female parent（Named as CX1）of hybrid Zhongdan88. An improved inbred line（Named as CX1-lg1）with a compact plant architecture was developed. Then, by crossing the female parent CX1-lg1 with the male parent CX2, a hybrid with a compact plant architecture was obtained, named as Zhongdan88M, which contained ZmLG1Zmlg1 alleles. The seed production efficiency of CX1-lg1 and the yield of the improved hybrid variety Zhongdan88M under dense planting were evaluated. The results showed that: 1）Improved plant architecture of the female parent improved the corresponding hybrid's plant architecture. 2）The improved female parent CX1-lg1 had higher seed production efficiency than that of CX1 under the condition of 5 000 plants/667 m². 3）The improved hybrid Zhongdan88M had a more compact plant architecture than that of Zhongdan88 under different environments and densities, and achieved the increased yield at a high density. These results indicate that gene editing technology is powerful in the precise regulation of phenotype via targeting specific genes. Moreover, modifying one parent's genotype through the DTM strategy lead to improvements in desired phenotype in the corresponding hybrids.

Key words: genome editing, compact plant type, leaf angle, highly productive

石佳鑫, 刘凯, 朱金洁, 祁显涛, 谢传晓, 刘昌林. 基因编辑技术改良玉米株型增加杂交种产量[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(8): 62-69.

SHI Jia-xin, LIU Kai, ZHU Jin-jie, QI Xian-tao, XIE Chuan-xiao, LIU Chang-lin. Gene Editing Reshaping Maize Plant Type for Increasing Hybrid Yield[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 62-69.

图/表 6

图1 CX1 和 CX1-lg1基因型与株型 A：CX1和CX1-lg1株型比较；B：CX1和CX1-lg1基因型比较；C：穗上第3叶叶枕部分；D：穗下第三叶叶枕部分；E：穗上叶夹角统计；F：穗下叶夹角统计；误差线代表标准偏差，n=30；星号代表t检验差异显著（*P<0.05; **P<0.01）

Fig. 1 Plant and genotype of CX1 and CX1-lg1 A: Plant types between CX1 and CX1-lg1. B: Genotypes between CX1 and CX1-lg1. C: Pulvinus of 3rd upper leaf. D: Pulvinus of 3rd lower leaf. E: Statistics of upper leaf angle. F: Statistics of lower leaf angle. Error bar represents standard deviation, n=30; asterisks represent significant differences in t-test（*P<0.05; **P<0.01）

图2 改良母本的杂交制种产量 A：中单88制种试验；B：中单88M制种试验；C：小区收获穗数；D：小区折算产量；误差线代表标准偏差，n=2

Fig. 2 Seed production yield of improved maternal parent A: Zhongdan 88 seed production trial. B: Zhongdan 88M seed production trial. C: Number of harvested ears in plots. D: Converted yield of plots. Error bar represents standard deviation, n=2

图3 改良母本使改良杂交种中单88M株型紧凑 A：中单88和中单88M株型比较；B：中单88和中单88M在3个环境不同密度下的穗上叶夹角；C：中单88和中单88M在3个环境不同密度下的穗下叶夹角；误差线代表标准偏差，n=80；星号代表t检验差异显著（*P<0.05; **P<0.01）

Fig. 3 Improved maternal parent grants a compact plant type for hybrid Zhongdan88M A: Plant types between Zhongdan88 and Zhongdan88M. B: The upper leaf angle between Zhongdan88 and Zhongdan88M under different densities in 3 environments. C: The lower leaf angle between Zhongdan88 and Zhongdan88M under different densities in 3 environments. Error bar represents standard deviation; n=80; and asterisks represent significant differences in t-test（*P<0.05; **P<0.01）

图4 改良杂交种中单88M在增密栽培条件下产量增加 A：7 000株/667 m2中单88和中单88M产量比较；B：密度试验小区产量统计；误差线代表标准偏差，n=2

Fig. 4 Improved hybrid Zhongdan88M grants an increased yield in dense-planting cultivation A: Yield between Zhongdan88 and Zhongdan88M under 7 000 plants per 667 m2 dense. B: Statistic of yield in plots over density test. Error bar represents standard deviation, n=2

表1 株型相关性状方差分析 F 统计量

Table 1 F statistic analysis of variance for plant type related traits

源Source	自由度Df	穗上叶夹角LLA	穗下叶夹角ULA	穗位叶夹角ELA	穗位高EH	株高PH
密度Density	2	0.73	10.01**	3.29*	9.32**	19.97**
材料Material	1	1581.94**	1918.59**	294.76**	689.52**	522.23**
环境Environment	2	736.70**	1655.75**	248.16**	270.36**	2909.15**
密度×材料D×M	2	2.81	4.93**	2.96	2.68	1.17
环境×材料E×M	2	30.45**	20.42**	4.35*	12.06**	3.06*

表2 产量相关性状方差分析 F 统计量

Table 2 F statistic analysis of variance for yield related traits

源Source	自由度Df	秃尖长BTL	收获量HM	出籽率KY	有效穗数PEC	产量Y
密度Density	2	35.89**	4.65*	0.05	34.46**	2.87
材料Material	1	68.46**	3.43	20.55**	2.14	0.71
环境Environment	2	3726.46**	65.84**	148.25**	157.18**	25.65**
密度×材料D×M	2	3.39*	2.09	0.21	0.04	1.71
环境×材料E×M	2	25.75**	1.68	0.11	7.06**	0.35

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