植物调控盐胁迫下细胞壁完整性的分子机制

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0622

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物细胞壁不仅起着支撑和保护细胞的作用，还被认为是植物抵抗逆境胁迫环境的第一道屏障。作为限制农业生产的一个主要非生物胁迫因子，盐胁迫能造成植物细胞壁的组分和结构发生改变，而植物可以通过细胞壁完整性感受器如CrRLK1Ls、LRXs和WAKs等蛋白来感知这些变化并启动下游盐胁迫响应。在细胞内，植物通过盐胁迫诱导的Ca²⁺内流、植物激素等信号促进细胞壁多聚糖合成和修饰相关基因的表达，从而有助于维持细胞壁的完整性，增强植物盐胁迫适应性。本文概述了植物初生细胞壁多聚糖的主要组分和各组分之间的相互结合关系，并且阐述了盐胁迫对细胞壁各组分的影响，以及盐胁迫下植物感知和维持细胞壁完整性的分子机制，最后讨论了盐胁迫下细胞壁完整性感知和调控研究领域还需要解决的科学问题。

关键词: 细胞壁完整性, 盐胁迫, 细胞壁感受器, CrRLK1Ls, LRXs

Abstract:

Cell wall not only supports and protects plant cells, but also serves as the first barrier for plants to resist environmental stresses. As one of the major abiotic stresses that restrict agricultural production, salt stress can cause the alteration of cell wall composition and structure, and these changes can be perceived by cell wall integrity sensors, such as CrRLK1Ls, LRXs, and WAKs, to activate intracellular salt stress responses. In the cell interior, salt stress-induced influx of Ca²⁺and activation of phytohormone signaling promote the expressions of genes that are associated with cell wall biosynthesis and modification, which in turn facilitate the maintenance of cell wall integrity and improve the adaptation of plants to high salinity. In this review, the main components of primary cell wall polysaccharides and their cross-linking with each other are summarized. The impact of salt stress on cell wall polysaccharides, and the molecular mechanisms by which plants perceive and maintain cell wall integrity under salt stress, are also elucidated. Finally, the scientific questions that need to be further addressed in the research field of cell wall integrity under salt stress are discussed.

Key words: cell wall integrity, salt stress, cell wall sensor, CrRLK1Ls, LRXs

汪明滔, 刘建伟, 赵春钊. 植物调控盐胁迫下细胞壁完整性的分子机制[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(11): 18-27.

WANG Ming-tao, LIU Jian-wei, ZHAO Chun-zhao. Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Wall Integrity in Plants Under Salt Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(11): 18-27.

图/表 1

图1 植物调控盐胁迫下细胞壁完整性的示意图植物细胞壁是由纤维素、半纤维素、果胶、糖蛋白等组分相互交联形成的高度复杂且动态变化的网络结构。盐胁迫会诱导细胞壁多聚糖的组分和结构发生变化，比如促进去甲酯化果胶含量的增加，而这些细胞壁变化能够被细胞壁完整性感受器，如CrRLK1Ls、LRXs和WAKs等蛋白感知并启动下游细胞壁修复机制，进而维持盐胁迫下细胞壁的完整性和增强植物的盐胁迫适应性

Fig. 1 A schematic illustration of the regulation of cell wall integrity in plants under salt stress Plant cell wall is composed of an intricate network of dynamically connected matrix, including cellulose, hemicellulos, pectin, and glycoproteins. Salt stress can trigger the alteration of cell wall compositions and structures, such as promoting the accumulation of de-methylesterified pectin. Salt stress-induced cell wall changes can be perceived by cell wall integrity sensors, such as CrRLK1L, LRXs and WAKs, and these proteins are able to activate intracellular signaling pathways to repair cell wall, and finally maintain cell wall integrity under salt stress and enhance the adaptability of plants to high salinity

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