西藏巴松措真菌多样性、群落结构和生态功能预测

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0445

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确巴松措水体真菌的物种多样性和群落结构，以期为保护该地区的生物多样性和高原湖泊生态系统研究提供科学依据。【方法】通过采集巴松措24个水样，利用ITS Illumina高通量测序技术，研究巴松措水体中真菌群落组成、功能预测和环境因子与真菌群落的相关性。【结果】共获得5 930个OTU，隶属于 17个门，59个纲，137个目，327个科，591个属，815个种，表现出巴松措水体真菌丰富的多样性；巴松措水体真菌的优势菌门是子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、壶菌门（Chytridiomycota），未识别菌门Fungi_phy_Incertae_sedis 和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）；优势真菌目是Pezizales、Rhizophydiales、Fungi_ord_Incertae_sedis、Zygophlyctidales、Atheliales、Helotiales、Tremellales、Hypocreales；FUNGuild数据库分析发现，巴松措水体真菌的营养方式多样，共包含3类营养型和5类复合营养型功能菌群，其中共生营养型（Symbiotroph，10.68%-57.56%）占比最大，并含有大量未知功能菌群；Spearman相关性分析显示，Simpson指数与Temp存在显著负相关关系（r=-0.50，P<0.05），与Shannon指数存在极显著正相关关系（r=0.85，P<0.001），RDA分析表明：Temp、pH和DO是影响巴松措水体真菌群落组成的重要环境因子。【结论】巴松措水体真菌资源丰度多样性较高，真菌的营养方式以共生营养型为主，存在大量未知功能类群，是一个有待开发的生物资源库。

关键词: 高原湖泊, 水体真菌, 生态功能, 高通量测序

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the species diversity and community structure of the fungi and to provide scientific basis for the conservation of biodiversity in the region and the study of plateau lake ecosystems.【Method】Water samples were collected from 24 sampling sites in the Basomtso Lake, and 16S rDNA Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to analyze the fungal community composition, functional prediction, and the correlation between environmental factors and fungal communities in the Basomtso Lake.【Result】A total of 5 930 OUTs were obtained, belonging to 17 phyla, 59 orders, 137 orders, 327 families, 591 genera and 815 species, which demonstrated the rich diversity of fungi in Basomtso Lake. The dominant phyla of fungi in the Basomtso Lake were Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, Fungi_phy_Incertae_sedis and Basidiomycota; the dominant fungal orders were Pezizales, Rhizophydiales, Fungi_ord_Incertae_sedis, Zygophlyctidales, Atheliales, Helotiales, Tremellales, and Hypocreales. Using the FUNGuild database, we analyzed that the fungi in the Basomtso Lake had diverse nutritional modes, containing three types of trophic and five types of compound trophic functional groups, the largest proportion of which was the symbiotic trophic（Symbiotroph, 10.68%-57.56%）, and contained a large number of unknown functional flora. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between Simpson's index and Temp（r=-0.50, P<0.05）, and a highly significant and positive correlation with Shannon's index（r=0.85, P<0.001）, and RDA analyses showed that Temp, pH and DO were important environmental factors influencing the composition of fungal communities in the water bodies of Basomtso Lake.【Conclusion】The abundance and diversity of fungal resources in the Basomtso Lake are high, and the nutritional mode of fungi is diverse, mainly symbiotic nutrients, while there are still a large number of unknown functional taxa, and they are a biological resource base to be developed.

Key words: plateau lake, aquatic fungi, ecological function, high-throughput sequencing

周迪, 王东旭, 格桑曲珍, 欧美香, 郭小芳, 德吉. 西藏巴松措真菌多样性、群落结构和生态功能预测[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(1): 298-311.

ZHOU Di, WANG Dong-xu, GE Sangquzhen, OU Mei-xiang, GUO Xiao-fang, DE Ji. Fungal Diversity, Community Structure and Prediction of Ecological Function in Basomtso Lake, Xizang[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(1): 298-311.

图/表 9

图1 稀释曲线

Fig. 1 Rarefaction curve

图2 巴松措不同样点水体真菌Alpha多样性指数

Fig. 2 Alpha diversity index of fungi in water bodies at different points of the Basomtso Lake

表1 巴松措水体不同水域Alpha多样性指数

Table 1 Alpha diversity index of different groups in Basomtso Lake

Group	Observed_species	Shannon	Simpson	Chao1	ACE	Goods_coverage	PD_whole_tree
1	532.88b	4.62ab	0.85 a	581.52b	600.20b	1.00a	449.73ab
2	650.25a	4.83ab	0.84 a	710.14ab	729.01a	1.00a	612.97a
3	627.75a	4.90ab	0.89 a	689.21ab	712.81ab	1.00a	498.48ab
4	544.67b	4.79ab	0.92 a	609.63ab	647.28b	1.00a	374.15b
5	770.33a	5.65a	0.93 a	830.03a	856.01a	1.00a	598.16a
6	583.00b	4.26b	0.82 a	650.78ab	675.16ab	1.00a	443.63ab

图3 巴松措真菌PCoA分析（A）和NMDS分析（B）

Fig. 3 PCoA analysis（A）and NMDS analysis（B）of fungi in the Basomtso Lake

图4 巴松措水体不同样点真菌群落分布

Fig. 4 Distribution of fungal communities at different sites in the water bodies of the Basomtso Lake

图5 属水平物种系统进化树分析

Fig. 5 Phylogenetic evolutionary tree analysis of species at genus level

图6 巴松措水体不同水域门水平真菌群落分布（A）以及目水平真菌群落分布（B）

Fig. 6 Distribution of phylum of fungal communities（A）and order of fungal communities in different waters of the Basomtso Lake

图7 巴松措水体真菌与环境因子相关性热图（A）和RDA分析图（B）以及真菌门（C）、目（D）水平top10与环境因子的相关性分析

Fig. 7 Correlation between fungi and environmental factors of heatmap (A), RDA analysis plots (B), and correlation analysis between fungal phylum (C) and top10 at order (D) level and environmental factors in the Basomtso Lake

图8 巴松措水体真菌营养型组成（A）和FunGuild详细分类（B）以及巴松措水体真菌功能注释聚类热图（C）

Fig. 8 Trophic composition of fungi（A）, detailed classification of fungi FunGuild（B）, and functionally annotated clustered heatmap of fungi in the water bodies of the Basomtso Lake

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