景迈山古茶园与现代有机茶园根际土壤微生物群落研究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-1104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同生境茶园茶树根际土壤微生物群落的组成及多样性，识别影响茶树根际土壤微生物的主要驱动因素，为根际土壤微生物群落和茶树病虫害防治之间的关系研究以及土壤微生物的功能和开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用 Illumina-MiSeq 高通量测序技术对古茶园与现代有机茶园根际土壤微生物的群落组成和多样性进行探究，采用冗余分析对土壤养分与微生物之间关系进行探索。【结果】现代有机茶园根际土壤中阳离子交换量、有机质、腐殖质、氨氮、铵态氮、有效磷和水分高于古茶园，具有显著差异；不同茶园的优势细菌种群均为放线菌门、酸杆菌门和浮霉菌门，真菌种群均为子囊菌门、被孢霉门和担子菌门，除未明确分类地位的属以外，古茶园与现代有机茶园的优势菌属组成非常相似，但是每个菌属在不同茶园中的相对丰度都存在较大差异。冗余分析表明，阳离子交换量、有机质、腐殖质、氨氮和铵态氮是造成茶园根际土壤微生物群落结构与多样性差异的主要环境因子。【结论】现代有机茶园根际土壤养分与物种丰富度显著高于古茶园，不同茶园根际土壤中的优势菌属组成高度相似，但其丰度差异显著，与土壤养分呈现高度相关性。

关键词: 景迈山, 普洱茶, 古茶园, 根际微生物, 高通量测序, 群落结构

Abstract:

【Objective】It is to study the composition and diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial communities in tea gardens of different habitats, to identify the main driving factors affecting rhizosphere soil microbial communities, and to provide theoretical basis for the study of the relationship between rhizosphere soil microbial communities and pest control of tea trees, as well as for the function and utilization of soil microbials. 【Method】We used Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the community composition and diversity of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil communities of Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Garden（GS）and Jingmai Mountain Modern Organic Tea Garden（TS）, and used redundancy analysis to explore the relationship between soil nutrients and microorganisms.【Result】The cation exchange capacity, organic matter, humus, ammonia nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and water content in the rhizosphere soil in TS were higher than those in the GS, showing significant differences; the dominant bacterial populations in both gardens were Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes, and the dominant fungal populations are Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota, except for the unclassified genera. The dominant bacterial genera in GS are very similar to those in TS, but the relative abundance of each genus varies greatly in two gardens. Redundancy analysis shows that cation exchange capacity, organic matter, humus, ammonia nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen were the main environmental factors causing differences in the microbial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of two tea gardens. 【Conclusion】The nutrient and species richness of the rhizosphere soil of TS was significantly higher than that of Gs, and the composition of the dominant bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of two tea gardens was highly similar, but their abundance varied significantly, showing a high degree of correlation with soil nutrients.

Key words: Jingmai Mountain, Pu-erh tea, ancient tea garden, rhizosphere microorganisms, high-throughput sequencing, community structure

於莉军, 王桥美, 彭文书, 严亮, 杨瑞娟. 景迈山古茶园与现代有机茶园根际土壤微生物群落研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(5): 237-247.

YU Li-jun, WANG Qiao-mei, PENG Wen-shu, YAN Liang, YANG Rui-juan. Study on the Microbial Community of Rhizosphere Soil in Ancient Tea Garden and Modern Organic Tea Garden in Jingmai Mountain[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(5): 237-247.

图/表 10

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土壤养分Soil nutrients	GS	TS
阳离子交换量Cation exchange capacity/（mol·kg^-1）	22.50±0.69a	24.60±0.98a
有机质Soil organic matter /（g·kg^-1）	83.60±0.98a	106.60±0.06b
腐殖质Soil humus /（g·kg^-1）	43.00±0.46a	54.40±0.46b
氨氮Ammonia nitrogen /（mg·kg^-1）	418.90±3.00a	513.00±1.33b
铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen /（mg·kg^-1）	508.70±1.21a	662.90±0.52b
有效磷Available phosphorous /（mg·kg^-1）	0.90±0.02a	66.40±0.52b
速效钾Available K /（mg·kg^-1）	61.00±0.17a	61.00±0.69a
水分Moisture /%	2.50±0.02a	2.90±0.08b

土壤养分Soil nutrients	GS	TS
阳离子交换量Cation exchange capacity/（mol·kg^-1）	22.50±0.69a	24.60±0.98a
有机质Soil organic matter /（g·kg^-1）	83.60±0.98a	106.60±0.06b
腐殖质Soil humus /（g·kg^-1）	43.00±0.46a	54.40±0.46b
氨氮Ammonia nitrogen /（mg·kg^-1）	418.90±3.00a	513.00±1.33b
铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen /（mg·kg^-1）	508.70±1.21a	662.90±0.52b
有效磷Available phosphorous /（mg·kg^-1）	0.90±0.02a	66.40±0.52b
速效钾Available K /（mg·kg^-1）	61.00±0.17a	61.00±0.69a
水分Moisture /%	2.50±0.02a	2.90±0.08b

样品代号Sample	丰富度指数Richness index				多样性指数Diversity index
	ACE index		Chao 1 index		Simpson index		Shannon index
	细菌Bacteria	真菌Fungi	细菌Bacteria	真菌Fungi	细菌Bacteria	真菌Fungi	细菌Bacteria	真菌Fungi
GS	800.63±34.61a	259.06±25.78a	806.52±32.86a	261.17±27.19a	0.10±0.03a	0.07±0.05a	4.20±0.33a	3.99±0.61a
TS	886.57±22.31a	295.12±21.03a	892.61±23.77a	298.08±20.68a	0.02±0.00b	0.09±0.02a	5.28±0.03b	3.43±0.12a

样品代号Sample	丰富度指数Richness index				多样性指数Diversity index
	ACE index		Chao 1 index		Simpson index		Shannon index
	细菌Bacteria	真菌Fungi	细菌Bacteria	真菌Fungi	细菌Bacteria	真菌Fungi	细菌Bacteria	真菌Fungi
GS	800.63±34.61a	259.06±25.78a	806.52±32.86a	261.17±27.19a	0.10±0.03a	0.07±0.05a	4.20±0.33a	3.99±0.61a
TS	886.57±22.31a	295.12±21.03a	892.61±23.77a	298.08±20.68a	0.02±0.00b	0.09±0.02a	5.28±0.03b	3.43±0.12a

门Phylum	科Family	属Genus	OUT	GS/%	TS/%
Actinobacteria	Micrococcaceae	Arthrobacter	OTU1	30.08	8.54
Acidobacteria	uncultured_bacterium_o_Acidobacteriales	uncultured_bacterium_o_Acidobacteriales	OTU6	-	1.89
			OTU13	-	1.79
			OTU19	-	1.39
	Solibacteraceae_Subgroup_3	Candidatus_Solibacter	OTU37	-	1.45
			OTU174	-	1.37
			OTU15	-	1.14
		Bryobacter	OTU34	-	1.00
	uncultured_bacterium_o_Subgroup_2	uncultured_bacterium_o_Subgroup_2	OTU9	-	1.20
		uncultured_bacterium_o_Subgroup_7	OTU16	1.13	-
	Streptomycetaceae	uncultured_bacterium_f_Streptomycetaceae	OTU8	-	1.22
Bacteroidetes	Prevotellaceae	Prevotella_7	OTU24	1.07	-
Chloroflexi	uncultured_bacterium_c_AD3	uncultured_bacterium_c_AD3	OTU3	7.49	1.68
			OTU135	2.53	-
Proteobacteria	Xanthobacteraceae	uncultured_bacterium_f_Xanthobacteraceae	OTU7	3.25	4.13
			OTU4	-	1.63
			OTU11	1.31	-
		Bradyrhizobium	OTU2	2.17	4.81
	Unclassified	Acidibacter	OTU31	-	1.62
	Polyangiaceae	Pajaroellobacter	OTU28	-	1.27
	Unclassified	Acidibacter	OTU31	1.26	-