晚熟柑橘花粉直感效应及SCoT分子标记鉴定

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0998

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究花粉直感效应在晚熟柑橘果实性状改良中的作用，并利用SCoT分子标记高效鉴定杂种真实性，以期为选育成熟期适宜、品质优良的晚熟柑橘新品种提供理论依据与优质种质资源。方法以‘清见’‘爱媛38’‘沃柑’为母本，与9个父本配置12个杂交组合，统计坐果率与成苗率，测定杂交果实的单果重、纵横径、果形指数、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量等性状，评估花粉直感效应。利用SCoT分子标记对杂交后代进行真实性鉴定，并分析其遗传多样性。结果 ‘清见’‘爱媛38’‘沃柑’作为母本的总坐果率分别为19.78%、12.31%和5.4%。不同父本花粉对果实性状表现出显著的花粉直感效应，其中‘塔罗科’作为父本对‘清见’果实可溶性固形物含量提升最为显著。SCoT分子标记从9个组合中鉴定出891株真实杂种，平均杂种率为99.78%。遗传多样性分析表明，各杂交组合后代的多态性比率介于42.11%‒94.59%之间，其中‘清见’×‘明日见’组合的遗传多样性最高。结论花粉直感效应具有显著父母本依赖性，‘明日见’‘红韵香柑’‘黄果柑’分别为‘清见’‘爱媛38’‘沃柑’3种母本的最优父本；杂种后代遗传多样性高，主要源于亲本遗传背景差异及杂交过程中的基因重组；研究创制的杂交新种质为晚熟柑橘育种提供了核心材料，SCoT分子标记可高效应用于杂种鉴定。

关键词: 柑橘, 花粉直感, SCoT分子标记, 杂种鉴定, 杂交育种, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

Objective This study is aimed to investigate the xenia effects on fruit traits in late-maturing citrus and to efficiently identify true hybrids using SCoT molecular markers, thereby providing a theoretical basis and high-quality germplasm resources for breeding new late-maturing citrus varieties with desirable maturity and improved fruit quality. Method Twelve hybrid combinations were constructed using ‘Kiyomi tangor’, ‘Ehime Kashi 38’, and ‘Orah’ as female parents crossed with nine male parents. Fruit set rate, seedling rate, and fruit traits including single fruit weight, longitudinal and transverse diameters, fruit shape index, and soluble solids content (TSS) were measured to evaluate xenia effects. SCoT molecular markers were employed for hybrid authenticity identification and genetic diversity analysis of the progeny. Result The total fruit set rates for ‘Kiyomi tangor’, ‘Ehime Kashi 38’, and ‘Orah’ as female parents were 19.78%, 12.31%, and 5.4%, respectively. Significant xenia effects were observed on fruit traits with different male parents. Pollination with ‘Tarocco’ most significantly increased single fruit weight and TSS in ‘Kiyomi tangor’ fruits. SCoT analysis identified 891 true hybrids from nine cross combinations, with an average hybridity rate of 99.78%. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the polymorphism ratio among hybrid progenies ranged from 42.11% to 94.59%, with the ‘Kiyomi tangor’ × ‘Asumi’ combination showing the highest genetic diversity. Conclusion Xenia effects shows significant parental dependency. ‘Asumi’, ‘Hongyun Xianggan’ and ‘Huangguogan’ are identified as the optimal male parents for ‘Kiyomi tangor’, ‘Ehime Kashi 38’, and ‘Orah’, respectively. The hybrid progenies possesses high genetic diversity, primarily attributes to parental genetic background differences and gene recombination during hybridization. The novel hybrid germplasm created in this study provides core breeding materials for late-maturing citrus improvement, and SCoT molecular markers proved to be an efficient tool for hybrid identification.

Key words: citrus, xenia effect, SCoT molecular marker, hybrid identification, hybrid breeding, genetic diversity

刘嘉欢, 曹德法, 于玟瑶, 邓红红, 谭伦东, 郭海, 黄光卉, 王均, 王迅, 汪志辉. 晚熟柑橘花粉直感效应及SCoT分子标记鉴定[J]. 生物技术通报, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0998.

LIU Jia-huan, CAO De-fa, YU Wen-yao, DENG Hong-hong, TAN Lun-dong, GUO Hai, HUANG Guang-hui, WANG Jun, WANG Xun, WANG Zhi-hui. Xenia Effects in Late-maturing Citrus and Identification Using SCoT Molecular Markers[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0998.

图/表 6

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母本 Female parent	父本 Male parents	授粉数 Numbe of pollination	坐果数 Number of fruits	坐果率 Fruit-set rate （%）	播种数 Number of seeds	成苗数 Seedlings number	成苗率 Survival rate （%）
清见 Kiyomi tangor	塔罗科 Tarocco	99	3	3.03	0	0	0.00
	红韵香柑 Hongyun Xianggan	102	18	17.65	380	293	77.11
	媛红椪柑 Himeruby	96	30	31.25	354	316	89.27
	明日见 Asumi	72	22	30.56	316	199	62.97
爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	明日见 Asumi	74	9	12.16	51	10	19.61
	甘平 Kanpei	74	8	10.81	0	0	0.00
	美国糖橘 American sugar tangerine	48	9	18.75	49	8	16.33
	红韵香柑 Hongyun Xianggan	64	6	9.38	23	0	0.00
沃柑 Orah	大雅 Daya	129	9	6.98	58	3	5.17
	濑户见 Setomi	167	9	5.39	38	4	10.53
	爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	86	2	2.33	36	16	44.44
	黄果柑 Huangguogan	420	23	5.50	238	44	18.49
总计 Total		1 431	148	10.34	1 543	893	57.87

母本 Female parent	父本 Male parents	授粉数 Numbe of pollination	坐果数 Number of fruits	坐果率 Fruit-set rate （%）	播种数 Number of seeds	成苗数 Seedlings number	成苗率 Survival rate （%）
清见 Kiyomi tangor	塔罗科 Tarocco	99	3	3.03	0	0	0.00
	红韵香柑 Hongyun Xianggan	102	18	17.65	380	293	77.11
	媛红椪柑 Himeruby	96	30	31.25	354	316	89.27
	明日见 Asumi	72	22	30.56	316	199	62.97
爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	明日见 Asumi	74	9	12.16	51	10	19.61
	甘平 Kanpei	74	8	10.81	0	0	0.00
	美国糖橘 American sugar tangerine	48	9	18.75	49	8	16.33
	红韵香柑 Hongyun Xianggan	64	6	9.38	23	0	0.00
沃柑 Orah	大雅 Daya	129	9	6.98	58	3	5.17
	濑户见 Setomi	167	9	5.39	38	4	10.53
	爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	86	2	2.33	36	16	44.44
	黄果柑 Huangguogan	420	23	5.50	238	44	18.49
总计 Total		1 431	148	10.34	1 543	893	57.87

杂交组合 Hybridization combinations	筛选的特异性SCoT引物编号 Specific SCoT primer number for screening
清见×媛红椪柑 Kiyomi tangor × Himeruby	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT15、SCoT21
清见×红韵香柑 Kiyomi tangor ×Hongyun Xianggan	SCoT 8、SCoT12、SCoT14、SCoT21
清见×明日见 Kiyomi tangor × Asumi	SCoT8、SCoT15、SCoT21、SCoT34
爱媛38×明日见 Ehime Kashi No. 38 × Asumi	SCoT8、SCoT 12、SCoT 13、SCoT15
爱媛38×美国糖橘 Ehime Kashi No. 38 × American sugar tangerine	SCoT8、SCoT12、SCoT15、SCoT21
沃柑×大雅 Orah × Daya	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT15
沃柑×濑户见 Orah × Setomi	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT21、SCoT25
沃柑×爱媛38 Orah × Ehime Kashi No. 38	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT15、SCoT21
沃柑×黄果柑 Orah× Huanguogan	SCoT12、SCoT15、SCoT21、SCoT13

杂交组合 Hybridization combinations	筛选的特异性SCoT引物编号 Specific SCoT primer number for screening
清见×媛红椪柑 Kiyomi tangor × Himeruby	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT15、SCoT21
清见×红韵香柑 Kiyomi tangor ×Hongyun Xianggan	SCoT 8、SCoT12、SCoT14、SCoT21
清见×明日见 Kiyomi tangor × Asumi	SCoT8、SCoT15、SCoT21、SCoT34
爱媛38×明日见 Ehime Kashi No. 38 × Asumi	SCoT8、SCoT 12、SCoT 13、SCoT15
爱媛38×美国糖橘 Ehime Kashi No. 38 × American sugar tangerine	SCoT8、SCoT12、SCoT15、SCoT21
沃柑×大雅 Orah × Daya	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT15
沃柑×濑户见 Orah × Setomi	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT21、SCoT25
沃柑×爱媛38 Orah × Ehime Kashi No. 38	SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT15、SCoT21
沃柑×黄果柑 Orah× Huanguogan	SCoT12、SCoT15、SCoT21、SCoT13

母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent	F₁代数 Number of hybrid F₁ generations	真杂种数 True hybrid quantity	杂种率 Hybrid rate （%）
清见 Kiyomi tangor	媛红椪柑 Himeruby	316	316	100
	红韵香柑 Hongyun Xianggan	293	292	99.66
	明日见 Asumi	199	199	100
爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	明日见 Asumi	10	9	90
爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	美国糖橘 American sugar tangerine	8	8	100
沃柑 Orah	爱媛38 Ehime Kashi No. 38	16	16	100
	大雅 Daya	3	3	100
	濑户见 Setomi	4	4	100
	黄果柑 Huangguogan	44	44	100
总计 Total		893	891	99.78