调控植物种子发育的转录因子研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-0043

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物种子是裸子植物和被子植物所特有的繁殖器官,也是人类赖以生存粮食的最主要来源。植物种子发育的过程包括形态发育和种子成熟,由一个复杂的转录因子网络管控,转录因子调控和监管整个发育过程。转录因子包含DNA结合区、寡聚化位点区、核定位信号区和转录调控区4个功能结构域,通过结构域与顺式元件相互作用调控基因的表达。研究表明,WOX家族调控胚芽发育,HAP3家族调控胚胎形态发生和细胞分化,MADS-box家族调控胚座和胚珠的发育,NAC家族调控胚珠珠被生长发育,bHLH家族调控种皮细胞的大小和形态,MYB家族是种皮发育的正调节因子。HAP家族成员LEC1 和B3超家族的AFL亚家族成员LEC2、FUSCA3、ABI3一起互相作用形成一个调控网络,共同调控种子的成熟发育。Zinc finger超家族的Dof家族调控种子的胚乳发育、贮藏蛋白的合成及脂肪含量的变化,bZIP家族调控种子贮藏基因表达,AP2/EREBP家族调控种子体积与重量、蛋白与油类积累,WRKY家族、IKU、MINI3、SHB1 基因和KLU基因调控种子体积大小。综述了植物种子发育过程中转录因子的结构和种类,分析了其作用顺序和功能,解析了种子发育的分子调控机制,展望了其研究方向和前景,以期为种子品质改良奠定理论基础和提供新的思路。

关键词: 植物种子, 调控发育, 转录因子

Abstract: Plant seeds are the unique reproductive organs to gymnosperms and angiosperms,also the main food source for human being survival. The process of seed development,including morphological development and seed maturation,is governed by a complex network of transcription factors,which regulate and supervise the entire process. Transcription factors include 4 functional domains：DNA binding region,oligomerization site region,nuclear localization signal region and transcription regulatory region,which regulate gene expression by interaction between the domains and the cis-element. According to current research,the WOX family regulates germ development,the HAP3 family regulates embryo morphogenesis and cell differentiation,the MADS-box family regulates the development of embryo and ovule,the NAC family regulates the growth and development of ovule integument,the bHLH family regulates the size and the morphology of seed coat cells,and the MYB family is a positive regulator of seed coat development. Members of the HAP family,LEC1,and members of the AFL subfamily of the B3 superfamily,LEC2,FUSCA3 and ABI3,interact to form a regulatory network that regulates the mature development of the seed. The Dof family of the zinc finger superfamily regulates the development of endosperm,the synthesis of storage proteins and the change of fat content in seeds,the bZIP family regulates the expression of storage genes,the AP2/EREBP family regulates the accumulation of seed volume and weight,protein and oil,and the WRKY family,IKU,MINI3,SHB1 gene and KLU gene regulate the size of a seed. This paper reviews the structure and types of transcription factors in plant seed development,analyzes the order and function of the genes,dissects the molecular regulation mechanism of seed development,and prospects the research direction and prospects,aiming at providing theoretical basis and new ideas for improving seed quality.

Key words: plant seeds, regulatory development, transcription factors

吴玉, 沈永宝, 史锋厚. 调控植物种子发育的转录因子研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(11): 150-159.

WU Yu, SHEN Yong-bao, SHI Feng-hou. Research Progress on Transcription Factors Regulating Plant Seed Development[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(11): 150-159.

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