几丁质脱乙酰酶的研究进展

doi:10.13560/J.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-0449

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 几丁质是自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的第二大多糖,壳聚糖作为几丁质脱除乙酰基的衍生物,由于其较好的溶解性得到了广泛的应用。本综述通过搜集比对不同来源的多种脱乙酰酶蛋白序列,运用生物信息学方法对其催化活性中心结构域进行深入挖掘分析,阐明了多种脱乙酰酶的生物来源、催化机制和反应条件等方面的异同点。结果表明,目前研究的脱乙酰酶多来源于真菌和昆虫,大多属于CE4家族,具有NodB等催化活性中心,比较容易与聚合度>3的乙酰化低聚糖反应,不易催化难溶性多糖,且该类酶多在pH 8.0左右、40-70℃的环境下酶活达到最大,不同二价金属离子对不同酶的影响不同。最后,提出了从海洋宏基因组文库中快速特异地筛选新酶、分析酶解机理并进行分子改造等研究的新方向,旨为今后该领域科研人员研发高效、高特异性的脱乙酰酶提供了新思路。

关键词: 几丁质, 脱乙酰酶, 催化结构域, 生物信息学, 新酶筛选

Abstract: Chitin is the second largest polysaccharide to cellulose in the natural world. Chitosan is a de-acetylated derivative from chitin and has been widely used due to its fine solubility. First,a various deacetylase protein sequences from different sources were collected and aligned,then bioinformatics methods were conducted to carry out in-depth excavation and analysis of their catalytically active central domains,and the similarities and differences of biological sources,catalytic mechanisms and reaction conditions of various deacetylases with different catalytic domains were elucidated. The results showed that the studied deacetylases were mostly derived from fungi and insects,mostly belonged to the CE4 family,and had the catalytic activity center of NodB. It was easier for them to react with acetylated oligosaccharides with a polymerization degree >3,while difficult to catalyze poorly soluble polysaccharides. Most of these enzymes had the maximum enzyme activity at pH 8.0 and 40-70℃,and different divalent metal ions had different impacts on different enzymes. Finally,this paper proposed a new direction for rapid and specific screening of new enzymes,analysis of enzymatic hydrolysis mechanisms and molecular engineering from marine macrogenomic libraries,providing a new insight for researchers in the field to develop highly efficient and highly specific deacetylases.

Key words: chitin, deacetylase, catalytic domain, bioinformatics, new enzyme screening

张岩, 关菲菲, 伍宁丰, 田健. 几丁质脱乙酰酶的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(11): 179-186.

ZHANG Yan, GUAN Fei-fei, WU Ning-feng, TIAN Jian. Research Progress on Chitin Deacetylase[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(11): 179-186.

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