早期抽薹对当归根际土壤微环境的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1446

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过探讨根际土壤微环境在当归抽薹时的变化，尝试为解决当归早期抽薹问题提供新的思路。以当归为研究对象，测定抽薹与未抽薹当归的根际土壤理化性质，利用16S rDNA和GC-MC技术测定根际土壤细菌群落及代谢组变化，并研究根际土壤性质、细菌群落及代谢物之间在当归抽薹现象中的关联性。结果显示，抽薹当归根际土壤中硝态氮含量较未抽薹当归明显升高。根际土壤细菌群落多样性及优势菌群在抽薹和未抽薹当归间并无差异，细菌群落较为相似，但10个非优势菌属在组间存在显著差异。抽薹当归根际土壤中有66种代谢物与未抽薹当归存在显著差异，其中52种明显上调，14种明显下调。差异代谢物主要富集在氨基酸代谢、异种生物降解和代谢、脂质代谢等7条相关通路上。硝态氮含量、Phaselicystis属和Rubellimicrobium属与抽薹当归差异代谢物显著负相关（P<0.05），硝态氮主要与不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成显著负相关，Phaselicystis属和Rubellimicrobium属主要与氨基苯甲酸酯降解、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢显著负相关。当归早期抽薹与根际土壤硝态氮含量上升存在关联，同时当归早期抽薹会引起根际土壤代谢物和非优势菌群的相对丰度显著变化。根际土壤中硝态氮含量上升与Nitrosomonas属的相对丰度变化可能存在联系，但仍需进一步研究论证。

关键词: 当归抽薹, 根际土壤, 土壤性质, 细菌属, 代谢物

Abstract:

The changes of rhizosphere soil microenvironment during Angelica sinensis bolting were explored to provide new ideas for solving the problem of premature bolting. A. sinensis was taken as the research object, the soil properties, bacterial community and metabolite in the rhizosphere soil were determined by 16S rDNA and GC-MC techniques in bolting and unbolting A. sinensis, and the correlation among them was studied. The results show that nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of bolting groups were significantly higher than those of unbolting ones. There was no difference between bolting and unbolting groups in the diversity of rhizosphere soil bacterial community and the structure of dominant bacteria, thus the bacterial community was alike. However, there were significantly differences among 10 non-dominant genera. There were 66 metabolites in the rhizosphere soil of bolting groups, which were different from the unbolting ones, 52 of which were significantly up and 14 significantly down. The differential metabolites were mainly concentrated in 7 related pathways of amino acid metabolism, heterogeneous biodegradation and metabolism, and lipid metabolism. The nitrate nitrogen content, Phaselicystis, Rubellimicrobium were significantly negatively correlated to the differential metabolites of bolting groups（P<0.05）. The nitrate nitrogen was mainly negatively related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, while Phaselicystis and Rubellimicrobium were mainly negatively related to the degradation of aminobenzoate, arginine and proline metabolism. The premature bolting of A. sinensis was related to the increase of nitrate nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil, and the premature bolting will cause significant changes in the relative abundance of non-dominant bacteria and metabolites in the rhizosphere soil. The increase of nitrate nitrogen content may be related to the change of the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas, but further research is still needed.

Key words: Angelica sinensis bolting, rhizosphere soil, soil properties, bacterial community, metabolite

谢田朋, 张佳宁, 董永骏, 张建, 景明. 早期抽薹对当归根际土壤微环境的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(7): 206-218.

XIE Tian-peng, ZHANG Jia-ning, DONG Yong-jun, ZHANG Jian, JING Ming. Effect of Premature Bolting on the Rhizosphere Soil Microenvironment of Angelica sinensis[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 206-218.

图/表 10

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理化性质 Physico-chemical properties	抽薹当归 Bolting	未抽薹当归 Unbolting
pH	7.86±0.26a	7.75±0.08a
有机质 Organic matter /（g·kg^-1）	2.93±1.48a	3.62±2.05a
盐分Salinity /（mg·kg^-1）	7.44±0.18a	7.66±0.30a
全氮 Total nitrogen /（g·kg^-1）	1.73±0.01a	1.73±0.01a
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen /（mg·kg^-1）	53.17±9.33a	42.36±6.19b
氨态氮 Ammonia nitrogen /（mg·kg^-1）	25.75±5.39a	21.76±3.54a
全磷 Total P /（g·kg^-1）	3.50±0.01a	3.50±0.01a
有效磷 Available P /（mg·kg^-1）	39.17±5.62a	44.06±5.47a
全钾 Total K /（g·kg^-1）	3.64±0.03a	3.64±0.01a
有效钾 Available K /（mg·kg^-1）	165.58±27.97a	171.65±34.34a

理化性质 Physico-chemical properties	抽薹当归 Bolting	未抽薹当归 Unbolting
pH	7.86±0.26a	7.75±0.08a
有机质 Organic matter /（g·kg^-1）	2.93±1.48a	3.62±2.05a
盐分Salinity /（mg·kg^-1）	7.44±0.18a	7.66±0.30a
全氮 Total nitrogen /（g·kg^-1）	1.73±0.01a	1.73±0.01a
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen /（mg·kg^-1）	53.17±9.33a	42.36±6.19b
氨态氮 Ammonia nitrogen /（mg·kg^-1）	25.75±5.39a	21.76±3.54a
全磷 Total P /（g·kg^-1）	3.50±0.01a	3.50±0.01a
有效磷 Available P /（mg·kg^-1）	39.17±5.62a	44.06±5.47a
全钾 Total K /（g·kg^-1）	3.64±0.03a	3.64±0.01a
有效钾 Available K /（mg·kg^-1）	165.58±27.97a	171.65±34.34a

Alpha多样性 Alpha diversity	抽薹当归 Bolting	未抽薹当归 Unbolting
测序覆盖度 Goods coverage	0.99±0.00a	0.99±0.00a
物种数 Observed species	2597.08±377.98a	2742.98±140.21a
Chao1	3065.85±325.88a	3209.56±128.91a
Shannon	8.56±0.97a	9.09±0.18a
Simpson	0.98±0.01a	0.99±0.00a

Alpha多样性 Alpha diversity	抽薹当归 Bolting	未抽薹当归 Unbolting
测序覆盖度 Goods coverage	0.99±0.00a	0.99±0.00a
物种数 Observed species	2597.08±377.98a	2742.98±140.21a
Chao1	3065.85±325.88a	3209.56±128.91a
Shannon	8.56±0.97a	9.09±0.18a
Simpson	0.98±0.01a	0.99±0.00a

门 Phylum	相对丰度 Relative abundance/%		属 Genus	相对丰度 Relative abundance/%
门 Phylum	抽薹当归Bolting	未抽薹当归Unbolting	属 Genus	抽薹当归Bolting	未抽薹当归Unbolting
变形菌门Proteobacteria	51.55±9.19a	50.91±5.98a	鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas	5.74±1.42a	6.04±1.47a
放线菌门Actinobacteriota	23.19±8.54a	221.26±5.02a	链霉菌属Streptomyces	6.96±5.07a	3.83±2.51a
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota	12.00±2.38a	12.07±0.69a	假黄单胞菌属Pseudoxanthomonas	3.74±4.75a	1.83±0.52a
芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadota	5.65±2.58a	6.50±2.12a	原小单孢菌属Promicromonospora	1.62±0.81a	2.09±1.51a
厚壁菌门Firmicutes	2.59±1.20a	2.98±1.04a	MND1	1.63±0.77a	1.58±0.87a
黏球菌门Myxococcota	2.20±0.48a	3.02±0.92a	溶杆菌属Lysobacter	1.58±0.73a	1.54±0.26a
酸杆菌门Acidobacteriota	0.98±0.65a	1.11±0.46a	Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium	2.00±3.26a	1.07±0.70a
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi	0.37±0.17a	0.33±0.09a	Muribaculaceae	1.32±0.57a	1.69±0.58a
硝化螺旋菌门Nitrospirota	0.23±0.24a	0.37±0.32a	Nocardioides	1.51±0.69a	1.45±0.58a
蛭弧菌门Bdellovibrionota	0.25±0.13a	0.33±0.12a	Ellin6067	1.36±0.64a	1.41±0.49a
疣微菌门Verrucomicrobiota	0.21±0.10a	0.20±0.09a	大肠杆菌志贺菌属Escherichia-Shigella	1.17±0.45a	1.39±0.60a
脱硫菌门Desulfobacterota	0.15±0.06a	0.18±0.09a	纤维弧菌属Cellvibrio	2.22±4.62a	0.29±0.15a
髌骨菌门Patescibacteria	0.08±0.05a	0.09±0.05a	假单胞菌属Pseudomonas	1.42±0.89a	0.98±0.65a
弯曲杆菌门Campilobacterota	0.06±0.02a	0.07±0.03a	Sphingopyxis	1.46±1.45a	0.91±0.51a
迷踪菌门Elusimicrobiota	0.07±0.04a	0.06±0.04a	0319-7L14	1.16±0.49a	1.20±0.32a
其他Others	0.41±0.16a	0.54±0.14a	其他Others	65.10±9.97a	72.71±3.83a