RNA甲基化与乙酰化修饰在植物生长发育过程中的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0327

生物技术通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 108-121.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0327

RNA甲基化与乙酰化修饰在植物生长发育过程中的研究进展

张严妍¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 路笃贤¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 左新秀¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 李岩竣¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 林金星¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 崔亚宁¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

1.林木育种与生态修复国家工程研究中心, 北京 100083
2.林木遗传育种全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
3.树木花卉育种生物工程国家林业和草原局重点实验室，北京 100083
4.北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-04-07 出版日期:2024-10-26 发布日期:2024-11-20
通讯作者: 崔亚宁，女，副教授，研究方向：植物细胞分子生物学；E-mail: cuiyaning@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:张严妍，女，硕士研究生，研究方向：植物细胞分子生物学；E-mail: zyy3230184@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32370740);国家自然科学基金项目(32000483);北京市科技新星计划(20230484251)

Advances in Methylation and Acetylation Modification of RNA in Plant Growth and Development

ZHANG Yan-yan¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), LU Du-xian¹^,²^,³^,⁴, ZUO Xin-xiu¹^,²^,³^,⁴, LI Yan-jun¹^,²^,³^,⁴, LIN Jin-xing¹^,²^,³^,⁴, CUI Ya-ning¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

1. Forest Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, National Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100083
2. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing 100083
3. Key Laboratory of Bioengineering of Tree and Flower Breeding, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083
4. College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083

Received:2024-04-07 Published:2024-10-26 Online:2024-11-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

RNA修饰是一类重要的表观遗传修饰，它是指在RNA分子的碱基或核糖上添加化学修饰基团。RNA甲基化和乙酰化是其中两种关键的修饰类型，它们通过调控生物的遗传信息来行使重要的生物功能。这两种修饰均是由writers（编码器）、erasers（消码器）和readers（解码器）三类调控因子进行动态可逆的调控，对RNA剪接、转运、翻译、运输和降解等代谢过程产生至关重要影响。近年来，随着RNA修饰检测技术的发展，研究者在植物中发现了一些新的RNA修饰位点，并证实了RNA的甲基化和乙酰化修饰在植物的生长发育以及应对生物和非生物胁迫方面起着关键的作用。本文首先概述了RNA修饰的类型及其生物学特性，并在此基础上重点回顾了近年来关于RNA甲基化和乙酰化调控因子的研究进展，最后总结了RNA甲基化和乙酰化在植物生长发育和应对胁迫过程中的功能，并展望了RNA修饰在植物中的一些新的研究方向，以期为进一步开展植物中的RNA甲基化和乙酰化修饰相关研究提供理论依据和新思路。

关键词: RNA修饰, 甲基化, 乙酰化, 生物胁迫, 非生物胁迫

Abstract:

RNA modification is an important type of epigenetic modification, which refers to the addition of chemical modifying groups to the bases or ribose of RNA molecules, and can occur in a variety of RNAs, such as messenger RNAs（mRNAs）, transfer RNAs（tRNAs）, ribosomal RNAs（rRNAs）, and cyclic RNAs（circRNAs）, etc. RNA methylation and acetylation are two of the key types of modifications that perform important biological functions by regulating the genetic information of organisms. Both modifications are dynamically and reversibly regulated by three types of regulators, namely writers, erasers and readers, which have a crucial impact on different RNA metabolic processes such as RNA splicing, translocation, translation, transport and degradation. In recent years, with the development of RNA modification detection technologies, numerous studies have identified new RNA modification sites in plants and confirmed that methylation and acetylation modifications of RNAs play key roles in plant growth and development as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. This paper firstly outlines the types of RNA modifications and their biological properties, and on this basis focuses on reviewing the research progress on RNA methylation and acetylation regulators in recent years, and finally summarizes the functions of RNA methylation and acetylation in plant growth and development and in response to stresses, and looks forward to some new research directions for RNA modifications in plants, with a view to providing theoretical basis and new ideas for further research related to RNA methylation and acetylation modification in plants.

Key words: RNA modification, methylation, acetylation, biotic stress, abiotic stress

张严妍, 路笃贤, 左新秀, 李岩竣, 林金星, 崔亚宁. RNA甲基化与乙酰化修饰在植物生长发育过程中的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(10): 108-121.

ZHANG Yan-yan, LU Du-xian, ZUO Xin-xiu, LI Yan-jun, LIN Jin-xing, CUI Ya-ning. Advances in Methylation and Acetylation Modification of RNA in Plant Growth and Development[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(10): 108-121.

图/表 5

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修饰类型Type of modification	生长发育Growth and development	蛋白/基因Protein/Gene	物种Species	参考文献Reference
m⁶A	影响种子发育	MTA	拟南芥	[6]
	对抗叶片衰老	MTA	拟南芥	[76]
	调节光合作用	At5g01920	拟南芥	[79]
	促进果实成熟	MTA, MTB, ALKBH2	草莓，番茄	[80,85]
	影响光形态建成	CRY1, FIP37	拟南芥	[81]
	刺激器官发生	ECT2, ECT3, ECT4	拟南芥	[82]
	增强根系生长分蘖芽形成	FTO	水稻，马铃薯	[83]
	调控花期	ALKBH10B	拟南芥	[84]
m¹A	调节叶片发育	PhTRMT61A	矮牵牛	[86]
m⁵C	调节光合作用叶绿体和质体发育	TRM4B	拟南芥	[87]
	影响根系发育	AtTRM4a, AtTRM4b	拟南芥	[23,88]
	调节叶片发育	PhNop2, ALYREF	矮牵牛	[89]
ac⁴C	调节种子发育影响叶生长	OsNAT10, AtNAT10a, AtNAT10b	拟南芥，水稻	[90-91]
	促进果实成熟	Solyc02g036350.3, Solyc06g053710.3等	番茄	[92]

修饰类型Type of modification	生长发育Growth and development	蛋白/基因Protein/Gene	物种Species	参考文献Reference
m⁶A	影响种子发育	MTA	拟南芥	[6]
	对抗叶片衰老	MTA	拟南芥	[76]
	调节光合作用	At5g01920	拟南芥	[79]
	促进果实成熟	MTA, MTB, ALKBH2	草莓，番茄	[80,85]
	影响光形态建成	CRY1, FIP37	拟南芥	[81]
	刺激器官发生	ECT2, ECT3, ECT4	拟南芥	[82]
	增强根系生长分蘖芽形成	FTO	水稻，马铃薯	[83]
	调控花期	ALKBH10B	拟南芥	[84]
m¹A	调节叶片发育	PhTRMT61A	矮牵牛	[86]
m⁵C	调节光合作用叶绿体和质体发育	TRM4B	拟南芥	[87]
	影响根系发育	AtTRM4a, AtTRM4b	拟南芥	[23,88]
	调节叶片发育	PhNop2, ALYREF	矮牵牛	[89]
ac⁴C	调节种子发育影响叶生长	OsNAT10, AtNAT10a, AtNAT10b	拟南芥，水稻	[90-91]
	促进果实成熟	Solyc02g036350.3, Solyc06g053710.3等	番茄	[92]

修饰类型 Type of modification	胁迫类型 Type of stress	蛋白/基因 Protein/ Gene	物种 Species	参考文献 Reference
m⁶A	干旱胁迫	MdMTA	苹果	[93]
		HrALKBH10B, HrALKBH10C, HrALKBH10D	沙棘	[94]
	低温胁迫	MTA	拟南芥	[95]
	强光胁迫	VIR	拟南芥	[96]
	生物胁迫	OsAGO18, OsSLRL1, MTA, HAKAI, NbECT 2A/B/C, ALKBH10B	水稻、本氏烟草、番茄、拟南芥	[97⇓-99]
m¹A	低温胁迫	At2g45730, At5g14600	拟南芥	[88]
	盐胁迫	LOC_Os04g02150等	水稻
m⁷G	低温胁迫盐胁迫	At5g24840, At1g03110, LOC_Os06g12990等	拟南芥水稻	[88]
m⁵C	氧化胁迫	TRM4B	拟南芥	[22]

修饰类型 Type of modification	胁迫类型 Type of stress	蛋白/基因 Protein/ Gene	物种 Species	参考文献 Reference
m⁶A	干旱胁迫	MdMTA	苹果	[93]
		HrALKBH10B, HrALKBH10C, HrALKBH10D	沙棘	[94]
	低温胁迫	MTA	拟南芥	[95]
	强光胁迫	VIR	拟南芥	[96]
	生物胁迫	OsAGO18, OsSLRL1, MTA, HAKAI, NbECT 2A/B/C, ALKBH10B	水稻、本氏烟草、番茄、拟南芥	[97⇓-99]
m¹A	低温胁迫	At2g45730, At5g14600	拟南芥	[88]
	盐胁迫	LOC_Os04g02150等	水稻
m⁷G	低温胁迫盐胁迫	At5g24840, At1g03110, LOC_Os06g12990等	拟南芥水稻	[88]
m⁵C	氧化胁迫	TRM4B	拟南芥	[22]

RNA甲基化与乙酰化修饰在植物生长发育过程中的研究进展

Advances in Methylation and Acetylation Modification of RNA in Plant Growth and Development

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