植物赤霉素氧化酶及其功能研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-1177

生物技术通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 43-54.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-1177

植物赤霉素氧化酶及其功能研究进展

吴丁洁(), 陈盈盈, 徐静, 刘源, 张航, 李瑞丽()

北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院林木遗传育种全国重点实验室林木育种与生态修复国家工程研究中心林木、花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室树木花卉育种生物工程国家林业和草原局重点实验室，北京 100083

收稿日期:2023-12-13 出版日期:2024-07-26 发布日期:2024-07-02
通讯作者: 李瑞丽，女，博士，教授，研究方向：植物分子细胞生物学；E-mail: liruili@bifu.edu.cn
作者简介:吴丁洁，女，硕士研究生，研究方向：植物分子细胞生物学；E-mail: W13292002780@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
科技创新2030-重大项目(2023ZD04069);国家自然科学基金项目(32270368);国家自然科学基金项目(31970182);北京林业大学“5·5工程”科研创新团队项目(BLRC2023C06);北京林业大学优秀研究生导师团队项目(YJSY-DSTD2022005);科技部外国专家项目(G2022109006L);北京林业大学“大学生创新创业训练计划”(S202310022067);北京林业大学“大学生创新创业训练计划”(X202310022120)

Research Progress in Plant Gibberellin Oxidase and Its Functions

WU Ding-jie(), CHEN Ying-ying, XU Jing, LIU Yuan, ZHANG Hang, LI Rui-li()

College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083

Received:2023-12-13 Published:2024-07-26 Online:2024-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

赤霉素（gibberellin, GA）是一种重要的植物激素，调节植物的发育及其对环境信号的反应。GA生物合成的最后部分离不开赤霉素氧化酶（gibberellin oxidase，GAox）的催化。赤霉素氧化酶是赤霉素生物合成和分解代谢过程的关键酶，在植物体内的赤霉素生物合成和分解代谢途径中起到复杂的调节作用。GA20ox（gibberellin 20 oxidase）、GA3ox（gibberellin 3 oxidase）和GA2ox（gibberellin 2 oxidase）均属于赤霉素氧化酶基因家族，GA20ox和GA3ox是赤霉素生物合成过程中的限速酶，而GA2ox是赤霉素分解代谢的关键酶，三者共同参与GA生物合成途径的调节，从而保障植物在生长发育以及与环境相互作用过程中对GA的需求。赤霉素氧化酶参与调控植物生长发育的多个阶段，受到外界环境和内源因素的精密调控，目前已经在拟南芥、水稻、杨树等物种中克隆表达，其在不同物种之间的功能存在差异。本文主要围绕GA20ox、GA3ox和GA2ox三种酶进行介绍，对植物赤霉素氧化酶的特性、时空表达进行了阐述，并重点总结了赤霉素氧化酶的功能及其研究进展，以期为今后系统开展赤霉素氧化酶基因功能研究提供理论依据。

关键词: 赤霉素氧化酶, 基因功能, 生长发育, 非生物胁迫, 时空表达

Abstract:

Gibberellin（GA）is an important plant hormone that regulates plant development and its response to environmental signals, the biosynthesis and metabolism of GA are involved in a variety of enzymes, and gibberellin oxidase plays a key role in regulating the biosynthesis of gibberellin. Gibberellin oxidase is the key enzyme in gibberellin biosynthesis and catabolism and plays a complex regulatory role in the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway in plants. GA20ox（gibberellin 20 oxidase）, GA3ox（gibberellin 3 oxidase）and GA2ox（gibberellin 2 oxidase）are the gibberellin oxidase gene family. GA20ox and GA3ox are rate-limiting enzymes in gibberellin biosynthesis, while GA2ox is the key enzyme in gibberellin catabolism. And they regulate GA biosynthesis pathway in plants and ensure the plant's demand for GA during growth and development and interaction with the environment. Gibberellin oxidase is involved in regulating plant growth and development, and it is strictly regulated by environment and endogenous factors. Gibberellin oxidase has been cloned in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa; and poplar species, and its function varies among species. Therefore, this review focuses on the functions of GA20ox, GA3ox and GA2ox, describes the characteristics, spatial and temporal expression of plant gibberellin oxidase and the response of gibberellin oxidase to light and hormones, with special emphasis on the function of gibberellin oxidase and its research progress, aiming to provide information for further studies on gibberellin oxidase gene function.

Key words: gibberellin oxidase, gene function, growth and development, abiotic stresses, spatio-temporal expression

吴丁洁, 陈盈盈, 徐静, 刘源, 张航, 李瑞丽. 植物赤霉素氧化酶及其功能研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(7): 43-54.

WU Ding-jie, CHEN Ying-ying, XU Jing, LIU Yuan, ZHANG Hang, LI Rui-li. Research Progress in Plant Gibberellin Oxidase and Its Functions[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(7): 43-54.

图/表 3

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编码蛋白 Encoded protein	物种 Species	基因 Gene	表型 Phenotype	参考文献 Reference
GA20ox	梨	GA20ox2	番茄过表达株系：株高增加；延迟落果；诱导单性结实	[23]
	赤松	GA20ox1	杂交白杨过表达株系：株高增加；木质部分化以及胶状纤维发育增强；根系生长不良、侧根数量减少；叶面积减小	[1,58]
	水稻	GA20ox2	水稻突变体：植株矮化；维管束发育异常、细胞变小	[55]
	玉米	GA20ox3	玉米突变体植株矮化；茎直径减小；节间缩短；薄壁组织细胞数量减少	[62]
	黄瓜	GA20ox1	黄瓜过表达株系：果刺变短	[26]
	甘蔗	GA20ox1	甘蔗过表达株系：株高增高；节间长度增长	[64]
	油茶	GA20ox1	拟南芥过表达株系：株高增加；次生细胞壁沉积增加；叶片增大；开花提前；叶绿素和花青素积累减少；种子增大	[71]
	拟南芥	GA20ox1	拟南芥过表达株系：株高增加；叶片数量减少；叶片面积增加	[53]
	拟南芥	GA20ox1/2/3	拟南芥三重突变株系：雌性/雄性不育；花药发育停滞；绒毡层退化失败	[10]
	甜樱桃	GA20ox2	拟南芥过表达株系：株高增加；开花提前；促进种子萌发	[78]
	巨桉×尾叶桉	GA20ox1 GA20ox2	巨桉×尾叶桉过表达株系：加快毛根的起始和伸长；促进根部木质部的分化	[22]
GA3ox	豌豆	GA3ox1	豌豆过表达株系：植株节间、卷须和果实较长；托叶较大；开花延迟，顶端分生组织寿命延长；维管组织发育变化，木质部导管直径增加	[25]
	南瓜	GA3ox	南瓜突变体：节间缩短；细胞大小减小	[68]
	西瓜	GA3ox	西瓜GA3ox过表达株系：细胞伸长缺陷	[60]
	水稻	GA3ox1	水稻突变体：OsGA3ox1突变体花粉育性显著下降；OsGA3ox2突变株高显著降低	[54]
	水稻	GA3ox2	水稻突变体：OsGA3ox2突变株高显著降低	[54]
	马铃薯	GA3ox2	马铃薯RNAi株系：株高降低；节间缩短；块茎重量减小	[63]
	陆地棉	GA3ox4	陆地棉过表达株系：株高增加	[27]
GA2ox	梨	GA2ox8	烟草过表达株系：植株矮化；节间缩短；叶片长度和宽度减小	[72]
	柿子	GA2ox	柿子过表达株系：节间缩短	[65]
	杉木	GA2ox12	杉木过表达株系：植株矮化；木质素含量降低；木质部导管分化延迟	[77]
	拟南芥	GA2ox7 GA2ox8	拟南芥过表达株系：花序数量增多；节间缩短；负调控下胚轴伸长	[17,79]
		GA2ox9	拟南芥突变体：寒冷环境下，生物活性GA4水平增加，突变体存活率降低，有助于获得性冷应激耐受性	[16]
		GA2ox10	拟南芥突变体：种子产量增加	[16]
	小桐子	GA2ox6	小桐子花特异性过表达株系：叶片加深；叶面积变小；单株总花序数目增多；花序变小；雌花和雄花变小；雌雄花数目减少；单个花序中的雌花比例降低	[80]
	柳枝稷	GA2ox5/9	柳枝稷过表达株系：植株矮化；叶子呈深绿色；节间变短；分蘖增多；开花延迟	[66]
	草地早熟禾	GA2ox	拟南芥过表达株系：植株矮化；角果变小；莲座叶数量增加叶色加深；开花延迟；抗旱性提高	[28]
	薄壳山核桃	GA2ox1	薄壳山核桃过表达株系：植株矮化；节间缩短；叶片长宽比降低；叶色加深	[69]
	巨桉×尾叶桉	GA2ox1	巨桉×尾叶桉过表达株系：抗逆性增加；叶片最大电子传输比增加；叶绿素和花青素含量增加	[22]

编码蛋白 Encoded protein	物种 Species	基因 Gene	表型 Phenotype	参考文献 Reference
GA20ox	梨	GA20ox2	番茄过表达株系：株高增加；延迟落果；诱导单性结实	[23]
	赤松	GA20ox1	杂交白杨过表达株系：株高增加；木质部分化以及胶状纤维发育增强；根系生长不良、侧根数量减少；叶面积减小	[1,58]
	水稻	GA20ox2	水稻突变体：植株矮化；维管束发育异常、细胞变小	[55]
	玉米	GA20ox3	玉米突变体植株矮化；茎直径减小；节间缩短；薄壁组织细胞数量减少	[62]
	黄瓜	GA20ox1	黄瓜过表达株系：果刺变短	[26]
	甘蔗	GA20ox1	甘蔗过表达株系：株高增高；节间长度增长	[64]
	油茶	GA20ox1	拟南芥过表达株系：株高增加；次生细胞壁沉积增加；叶片增大；开花提前；叶绿素和花青素积累减少；种子增大	[71]
	拟南芥	GA20ox1	拟南芥过表达株系：株高增加；叶片数量减少；叶片面积增加	[53]
	拟南芥	GA20ox1/2/3	拟南芥三重突变株系：雌性/雄性不育；花药发育停滞；绒毡层退化失败	[10]
	甜樱桃	GA20ox2	拟南芥过表达株系：株高增加；开花提前；促进种子萌发	[78]
	巨桉×尾叶桉	GA20ox1 GA20ox2	巨桉×尾叶桉过表达株系：加快毛根的起始和伸长；促进根部木质部的分化	[22]
GA3ox	豌豆	GA3ox1	豌豆过表达株系：植株节间、卷须和果实较长；托叶较大；开花延迟，顶端分生组织寿命延长；维管组织发育变化，木质部导管直径增加	[25]
	南瓜	GA3ox	南瓜突变体：节间缩短；细胞大小减小	[68]
	西瓜	GA3ox	西瓜GA3ox过表达株系：细胞伸长缺陷	[60]
	水稻	GA3ox1	水稻突变体：OsGA3ox1突变体花粉育性显著下降；OsGA3ox2突变株高显著降低	[54]
	水稻	GA3ox2	水稻突变体：OsGA3ox2突变株高显著降低	[54]
	马铃薯	GA3ox2	马铃薯RNAi株系：株高降低；节间缩短；块茎重量减小	[63]
	陆地棉	GA3ox4	陆地棉过表达株系：株高增加	[27]
GA2ox	梨	GA2ox8	烟草过表达株系：植株矮化；节间缩短；叶片长度和宽度减小	[72]
	柿子	GA2ox	柿子过表达株系：节间缩短	[65]
	杉木	GA2ox12	杉木过表达株系：植株矮化；木质素含量降低；木质部导管分化延迟	[77]
	拟南芥	GA2ox7 GA2ox8	拟南芥过表达株系：花序数量增多；节间缩短；负调控下胚轴伸长	[17,79]
		GA2ox9	拟南芥突变体：寒冷环境下，生物活性GA4水平增加，突变体存活率降低，有助于获得性冷应激耐受性	[16]
		GA2ox10	拟南芥突变体：种子产量增加	[16]
	小桐子	GA2ox6	小桐子花特异性过表达株系：叶片加深；叶面积变小；单株总花序数目增多；花序变小；雌花和雄花变小；雌雄花数目减少；单个花序中的雌花比例降低	[80]
	柳枝稷	GA2ox5/9	柳枝稷过表达株系：植株矮化；叶子呈深绿色；节间变短；分蘖增多；开花延迟	[66]
	草地早熟禾	GA2ox	拟南芥过表达株系：植株矮化；角果变小；莲座叶数量增加叶色加深；开花延迟；抗旱性提高	[28]
	薄壳山核桃	GA2ox1	薄壳山核桃过表达株系：植株矮化；节间缩短；叶片长宽比降低；叶色加深	[69]
	巨桉×尾叶桉	GA2ox1	巨桉×尾叶桉过表达株系：抗逆性增加；叶片最大电子传输比增加；叶绿素和花青素含量增加	[22]

植物赤霉素氧化酶及其功能研究进展

Research Progress in Plant Gibberellin Oxidase and Its Functions

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