玉米野生种基因组研究进展及应用

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-1131

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变化为粮食生产、生态系统的稳定性带来了重要的挑战。在极端气候变化下，发展适应性物种是作物遗传育种的重要目标之一。作为重要的作物之一，玉米在经历强烈的驯化瓶颈之后，已经丢失了大量的遗传多样性，特别是一些与生物和非生物胁迫相关的位点。在野生种和农家种中寻找玉米驯化过程中丢失的遗传多样性，并将其应用于现代遗传育种中，将为适应性新品种的创制提供新的契机。本文在对大刍草（玉米野生近亲）的发现及分类研究进行介绍之后，进一步总结了大刍草和玉米的性状与基因组差异，并综述了目前基于遗传学、群体遗传学、分子生物学等对大刍草和玉米之间差异遗传机理剖析的进展，多角度表明了大刍草在玉米遗传学研究中的重要性。最后，对未来气候变化下大刍草在玉米育种中的重要性提出了展望。

关键词: 气候变化, 玉米, 适应性, 野生种

Abstract:

Global change of climate has made great challenges to the crop productions and economical stabilities. The creation of adaptive species under the extreme environmental change is one of the primary goals in modern crop breeding process. As one of the most important crops in the world, maize have lost substantial genetic diversities during domestication, especially the loci that respond to the biotic and abiotic stress. Finding and utilizing the genetic diversity lost during maize domestication in wild species and landrace will provide new light for the creation of new adaptive varieties. In this review, we firstly introduce the discoveries and classification of teosinte（wild relatives of maize）, and then summarize the traits and genomic difference between teosinte and maize, the genetic mechanism of divergence of maize and teosinte basing on genetics, population genetics, molecular biology, revealing the importance of teosinte in the development of maize genetics from multiple perspectives. Finally, we prospect the key role of teosinte in maize future breeding process under climate changes.

Key words: climate change, maize, adaptability, wild species

胡伊娃, 陈露. 玉米野生种基因组研究进展及应用[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(3): 14-24.

HU Yi-wa, CHEN Lu. Research Advance and Applications in Maize Wild Relatives Genomes[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(3): 14-24.

图/表 2

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玉米自交系/农家种 Maize inbred line/landrace	大刍草 Teosinte	群体类型 Population type	群体大小 Population size	性状数目 Number of traits	性状类型 Type of traits	标记类型 Type of markers	标记数目 Number of markers	QTL数目 Number of QTL	参考文献 Reference
Nay 15	parviglumis	F₂	290	9	形态学	RFLPs	82	50	[83]
Sin 2	meixcana	F₂	260	12	形态学	RFLPs	58	64	[84]
W22	parviglumis	BC₁	1 749	22	形态学	SNPs（InDels）/EST	304	59	[85]
A661	parviglumis	F_2:3	165	1	形态学	SNPs/GBS	2 659	2	[86]
B73	diploperennis	BC₂F₁	215	24	农艺和产量	SNPs/WGS	4 964 439	71	[87]
W22	parviglumis	BC₁S₄	223	22	农艺和驯化	SNPs/GBS	13 088	82	[88]
	parviglumis	BC₁S₄	270				16 109	79
	parviglumis	BC₁S₄	219				13 187	75
	parviglumis	BC₁S₄	235				11 395	78
	mexicana	BC₁S₄	310				14 884	150
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	866	6	地下节根数	SNPs/GBS	19 838	133	[89]
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	866	1	源和汇相关性状	SNPs/GBS	19 838	16	[90]
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	866	4	叶片数目，开花期	SNPs/GBS	19 838	73	[91]
Mo17	mexicana	BC₂F₅	191	3	开花期性状	SNPs/芯片	12 390	16	[92]
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	866	5	雄穗	SNPs/GBS	19 838	72	[93]
SICAU1212	mexicana	F₂	409	1	雌穗	SNPs/OPA	3 072	1	[94]
SICAU1212	mexicana	BC₃F₂	~300	1	雌穗	SNPs/WGS	NA	23	[95]
SICAU1212	mexicana	BC₄F₂	651	1	雌穗	SNPs/WGS	NA	23	[95]
Mo17	parviglumis	BC₂F₈	191	3	苞叶	SNPs/芯片	12 390	4	[96]
A158	parviglumis	BC₄F₂	116	3	叶鞘	RFLPs	24	10	[97]
B73	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	58	3	籽粒成份	SNPs/芯片	728	11	[98]
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	66
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	92
	parviglumis	BC₄DH	93
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	99
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	88
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	96
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	79
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	96
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	79
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	82
B73	10 parviglumis	BC₄S₂	58	8	籽粒形态	SNPs/芯片	728	63	[99]
B73	10 parviglumis	BC₄S₂	58	3	产量	SNPs/芯片	728	15	[100]
PH4CV	mexicana	BC₂F₆	206	1	根系	SNPs/WGS	138 208	2	[101]
Mo17	mexicana	BC₂S₇	191	9	根系解剖结构	SNPs/芯片	56 110	16	[102]
Mi29	nicaraguensis	BC₃F₅	45	1	抗涝	SSRs	98	4	[103]
Mi29	nicaraguensis	BC₃F₅	45	3	抗涝	SSRs	98	1	[104]
Mi29	nicaraguensis	BC₃F₅	45	1	抗涝	SSRs	98	4	[105]
Rhee Flint	diploperennis	F₁	3	1	多年生	GBS/ SNPs	10 432	2	[106]
B73
Mo17
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	841	8	顶端分生组织形态	SNPs/GBS	19 838	36	[107]
Mo17	mexicana	BC₂F₇	191	65	初级代谢物	SNPs/芯片	12 390	350	[15]
B73	parviglumis	BC₂F₈	113	1	病害	SNPs/WGS	NA	3	[108]
B73	diploperennis	BC₂F₈	215					7
Zheng58	parviglumis	BC₂F₈	122					5
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	866	1	产量	SNPs/GBS	19 838	1	[109]
B73	10 parviglumis	BC₄S₂	928	1	病害	SNPs/芯片	728	1	[110]

玉米自交系/农家种 Maize inbred line/landrace	大刍草 Teosinte	群体类型 Population type	群体大小 Population size	性状数目 Number of traits	性状类型 Type of traits	标记类型 Type of markers	标记数目 Number of markers	QTL数目 Number of QTL	参考文献 Reference
Nay 15	parviglumis	F₂	290	9	形态学	RFLPs	82	50	[83]
Sin 2	meixcana	F₂	260	12	形态学	RFLPs	58	64	[84]
W22	parviglumis	BC₁	1 749	22	形态学	SNPs（InDels）/EST	304	59	[85]
A661	parviglumis	F_2:3	165	1	形态学	SNPs/GBS	2 659	2	[86]
B73	diploperennis	BC₂F₁	215	24	农艺和产量	SNPs/WGS	4 964 439	71	[87]
W22	parviglumis	BC₁S₄	223	22	农艺和驯化	SNPs/GBS	13 088	82	[88]
	parviglumis	BC₁S₄	270				16 109	79
	parviglumis	BC₁S₄	219				13 187	75
	parviglumis	BC₁S₄	235				11 395	78
	mexicana	BC₁S₄	310				14 884	150
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	866	6	地下节根数	SNPs/GBS	19 838	133	[89]
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	866	1	源和汇相关性状	SNPs/GBS	19 838	16	[90]
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	866	4	叶片数目，开花期	SNPs/GBS	19 838	73	[91]
Mo17	mexicana	BC₂F₅	191	3	开花期性状	SNPs/芯片	12 390	16	[92]
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	866	5	雄穗	SNPs/GBS	19 838	72	[93]
SICAU1212	mexicana	F₂	409	1	雌穗	SNPs/OPA	3 072	1	[94]
SICAU1212	mexicana	BC₃F₂	~300	1	雌穗	SNPs/WGS	NA	23	[95]
SICAU1212	mexicana	BC₄F₂	651	1	雌穗	SNPs/WGS	NA	23	[95]
Mo17	parviglumis	BC₂F₈	191	3	苞叶	SNPs/芯片	12 390	4	[96]
A158	parviglumis	BC₄F₂	116	3	叶鞘	RFLPs	24	10	[97]
B73	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	58	3	籽粒成份	SNPs/芯片	728	11	[98]
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	66
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	92
	parviglumis	BC₄DH	93
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	99
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	88
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	96
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	79
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	96
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	79
	parviglumis	BC₄S₂	82
B73	10 parviglumis	BC₄S₂	58	8	籽粒形态	SNPs/芯片	728	63	[99]
B73	10 parviglumis	BC₄S₂	58	3	产量	SNPs/芯片	728	15	[100]
PH4CV	mexicana	BC₂F₆	206	1	根系	SNPs/WGS	138 208	2	[101]
Mo17	mexicana	BC₂S₇	191	9	根系解剖结构	SNPs/芯片	56 110	16	[102]
Mi29	nicaraguensis	BC₃F₅	45	1	抗涝	SSRs	98	4	[103]
Mi29	nicaraguensis	BC₃F₅	45	3	抗涝	SSRs	98	1	[104]
Mi29	nicaraguensis	BC₃F₅	45	1	抗涝	SSRs	98	4	[105]
Rhee Flint	diploperennis	F₁	3	1	多年生	GBS/ SNPs	10 432	2	[106]
B73
Mo17
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	841	8	顶端分生组织形态	SNPs/GBS	19 838	36	[107]
Mo17	mexicana	BC₂F₇	191	65	初级代谢物	SNPs/芯片	12 390	350	[15]
B73	parviglumis	BC₂F₈	113	1	病害	SNPs/WGS	NA	3	[108]
B73	diploperennis	BC₂F₈	215					7
Zheng58	parviglumis	BC₂F₈	122					5
W22	parviglumis	BC₂S₃	866	1	产量	SNPs/GBS	19 838	1	[109]
B73	10 parviglumis	BC₄S₂	928	1	病害	SNPs/芯片	728	1	[110]

亲本Parent	性状Trait	基因名Gene name	基因号Gene ID	参考文献Reference
W22×parviglumis	分蘖数	tb1	Zm00001d033673	[114]
W22×parviglumis	颖壳	tga1	Zm00001d049822	[115]
W22×parviglumis	繁殖率（雌穗数目）	gt1	Zm00001d028129	[116]
W22×parviglumis	开花期	zagl1	Zm00001d017614	[117]
W22×parviglumis	开花期	ZmCCT10	Zm00001d024909	[118]
W22×parviglumis	营养生长转换	gl15	Zm00001d046621	[119]
W22×parviglumis	叶夹角	UPA1, UPA2	Zm00001d002562, Zm00001d033180	[120]
B73×mexicana	穗行数	KRN2	Zm00001d002641	[121]
W22×parviglumis	开花期	ZCN8	Zm00001d010752	[122]
W22×parviglumis	开花期	ZmMADS69	Zm00001d031625	[123]
W22×parviglumis	开花期	ZmCCT9	Zm00001d000176	[63]
B73×parviglumis	籽粒蛋白含量	TPH9	Zm00001d047736	[124]
W22×parviglumis	醇溶蛋白	pbf1	Zm00001d005100	[125]
Mo17×mexicana	籽粒类胡萝卜素含量	DXS2	Zm00001d019060	[126]
W22×parviglumis	K⁺稳态	ZmHKT2	Zm00001d014680	[127]
Mo17×mexicana	广谱抗性	ZmMM1	Zm00001d018698	[128]

亲本Parent	性状Trait	基因名Gene name	基因号Gene ID	参考文献Reference
W22×parviglumis	分蘖数	tb1	Zm00001d033673	[114]
W22×parviglumis	颖壳	tga1	Zm00001d049822	[115]
W22×parviglumis	繁殖率（雌穗数目）	gt1	Zm00001d028129	[116]
W22×parviglumis	开花期	zagl1	Zm00001d017614	[117]
W22×parviglumis	开花期	ZmCCT10	Zm00001d024909	[118]
W22×parviglumis	营养生长转换	gl15	Zm00001d046621	[119]
W22×parviglumis	叶夹角	UPA1, UPA2	Zm00001d002562, Zm00001d033180	[120]
B73×mexicana	穗行数	KRN2	Zm00001d002641	[121]
W22×parviglumis	开花期	ZCN8	Zm00001d010752	[122]
W22×parviglumis	开花期	ZmMADS69	Zm00001d031625	[123]
W22×parviglumis	开花期	ZmCCT9	Zm00001d000176	[63]
B73×parviglumis	籽粒蛋白含量	TPH9	Zm00001d047736	[124]
W22×parviglumis	醇溶蛋白	pbf1	Zm00001d005100	[125]
Mo17×mexicana	籽粒类胡萝卜素含量	DXS2	Zm00001d019060	[126]
W22×parviglumis	K⁺稳态	ZmHKT2	Zm00001d014680	[127]
Mo17×mexicana	广谱抗性	ZmMM1	Zm00001d018698	[128]