益生菌对沂蒙鸡杂交系生长性能、盲肠菌群多样性及短链脂肪酸的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1004

生物技术通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 340-350.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1004

• 研究报告 • 上一篇

益生菌对沂蒙鸡杂交系生长性能、盲肠菌群多样性及短链脂肪酸的影响

李学冯¹^,²(), 张宁波¹^,², 龙君江²^,³, 龙洋²^,³, 金太花¹, 吕慎金¹, 樊雪梅¹^,², 季久秀¹(), 李永洙¹^,²()

^1.临沂大学农林科学学院，临沂 276000
^2.山东兰山沂蒙鸡科技小院，临沂 276000
^3.山东龙盛农牧集团有限公司，临沂 276000

收稿日期:2025-09-22 出版日期:2026-06-26 发布日期:2026-07-11
通讯作者: 季久秀，女，博士，讲师，研究方向：动物遗传育种与繁殖；E-mail: Jijiuiu@lyu.edu.cn
李永洙，男，博士，教授，研究方向：家禽育种与营养生理；E-mail: liyongzhu@lyu.edu.cn
作者简介:李学冯，男，硕士研究生，研究方向：家禽育种与营养生理；E-mail: 15168956251@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31802105);2022年临沂大学“雁阵式”高水平学科-接续培育学科-畜牧学(51723007);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目重大项目(20186243);临沂大学博士科研启动基金项目(LYDX2019BS034)

Effects of Probiotics on Growth Performance， Cecal Flora Diversity and Short-chain Fatty Acid of Yimeng Chicken Hybrid Line

LI Xue-feng¹^,²(), ZHANG Ning-bo¹^,², LONG Jun-Jiang²^,³, LONG Yang²^,³, JIN Tai-hua¹, LYU Shen-Jin¹, FAN Xue-mei¹^,², JI Jiu-xiu¹(), LI Yong-zhu¹^,²()

^1.College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Linyi University, Linyi 276000
^2.Shandong Lanshan Yimeng Chicken Science and Technology Courtyard, Linyi 276000
^3.Shandong Longsheng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co. , Ltd. , Linyi 276000

Received:2025-09-22 Published:2026-06-26 Online:2026-07-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的在基础日粮中添加益生菌对沂蒙鸡杂交系生长性能、盲肠菌群多样性和短链脂肪酸含量的影响以及微生物功能差异预测分析。方法采用双因素试验设计，选取1日龄沂蒙鸡及其二元杂交和三元杂交健康雏鸡（公鸡）为主要研究对象，3个群体分6组，各群体分对照组（C组）和益生菌组（T组），即对照组沂蒙鸡（C1组）、二元杂交（C2组）和三元杂交（C3组），益生菌组沂蒙鸡（T1组）、二元杂交（T2组）和三元杂交（T3组），各组3个重复，每个重复15只，共270只，试验周期7周。结果 1）益生菌可以显著改善1-42日龄沂蒙鸡杂交系生长性能（P0.05），在平均日增重和料重比中T3组表现最优，在平均日采食量中C2组最优，且益生菌与品种杂交对平均日采食量和料重比存在交互作用。2）在门水平上，C1组放线菌门显著高于C2组和C3组（P0.05）；T2组放线菌门和脱铁杆菌门显著高于C2组（P0.05）。在属水平上，T3组拟杆菌属显著高于T1组（P0.05）；T1组考拉杆菌属显著高于C1组（P0.05）；T2组甲烷短杆菌属显著高于C2组（P0.05）。3）T组乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量显著高于C组（P0.05），且益生菌与品种杂交对乙酸、丙酸、戊酸、异戊酸、丁酸和异丁酸存在交互效应（P0.05）。4）在KEGG功能预测中发现C组显著富集的代谢通路有辅因子和维生素代谢、果糖和甘露糖代谢等；T组显著富集的代谢通路有精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢、蛋白质的消化和吸收和戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化等。结论日粮中添加益生菌和构建杂交系能够改善沂蒙鸡生长性能和短链脂肪酸的生成，且存在交互作用，还可以改变盲肠菌群结构多样性，影响微生物功能代谢途径。

关键词: 益生菌, 沂蒙鸡, 杂交系, 生长性能, 盲肠菌群, 短链脂肪酸

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on growth performance, cecal microbiota diversity, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content, and predictive analysis of microbial functional differences in Yimeng chicken crossbred lines. Method A two-factor experimental design was adopted. Healthy one-day-old male chicks of purebred Yimeng chickens, two-way crosses, and three-way crosses were selected as the main research subjects. The three populations were divided into six groups, with each population further assigned to a control group (C group) and a probiotic group (T group). Specifically, the groups were as follows: control group of Yimeng chickens (Group C1), two-way cross (Group C2), and three-way cross (Group C3); probiotic group of Yimeng chickens (Group T1), two-way cross (Group T2), and three-way cross (Group T3). Each group had three replicates, with 15 chicks per replicate, totaling 270 chicks. The trial lasted for 7 weeks. Result 1) Probiotics significantly improved the growth performance of Yimeng chicken crossbred lines from 1 to 42 days of age (P0.05). For ADG (average daily gain) and F/G (feed/gain), the T3 group showed the best performance, while for ADFI (average daily feed intake), the C2 group was the highest. Furthermore, significant interaction effects between P (Probiotic) and B (Breed) were observed on ADFI and F/G. 2) At the phylum level, the abundance of Actinobacteria in Group C1 was significantly higher than in Groups C2 and C3 (P0.05). The abundances of Actinobacteria and Deferribacteres in Group T2 were significantly higher than in Group C2 (P0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides in Group T3 was significantly higher than in Group T1 (P0.05). The abundance of Phascolarctobacterium in Group T1 was significantly higher than in Group C1 (P0.05). The abundance of Methanobrevibacter in Group T2 was significantly higher than in Group C2 (P0.05). 3) The contents of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the T group were significantly higher than in the C group (P0.05). Furthermore, significant interaction effects (P0.05) between Probiotic and Breed (P and B) were observed for acetate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, butyrate, and isobutyrate in the C and T groups. 4) KEGG functional prediction revealed that the metabolic pathways significantly enriched in the C group included cofactor and vitamin metabolism, as well as fructose and mannose metabolism. In the T group, significantly enriched metabolic pathways included arginine and proline metabolism, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Conclusion Dietary probiotic supplementation and crossbreeding can improve the growth performance and short-chain fatty acid production in Yimeng chickens, with interactive effects observed. They can also alter the structural diversity of the cecal microbiota and influence microbial functional metabolic pathways.

Key words: probiotics, Yimeng chickens, crossbreeding, growth performance, cecal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids

李学冯, 张宁波, 龙君江, 龙洋, 金太花, 吕慎金, 樊雪梅, 季久秀, 李永洙. 益生菌对沂蒙鸡杂交系生长性能、盲肠菌群多样性及短链脂肪酸的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(6): 340-350.

LI Xue-feng, ZHANG Ning-bo, LONG Jun-Jiang, LONG Yang, JIN Tai-hua, LYU Shen-Jin, FAN Xue-mei, JI Jiu-xiu, LI Yong-zhu. Effects of Probiotics on Growth Performance， Cecal Flora Diversity and Short-chain Fatty Acid of Yimeng Chicken Hybrid Line[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(6): 340-350.

图/表 9

参考文献 36

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原料组成 Ingredient	含量 Content （%）	营养水平 Nutrient levels	含量 Content （%）
玉米 Corn	55.95	粗蛋白质 Crude protein	19.50
大豆粕 Soybean meal	14.44	代谢能 ME/（MJ/kg）	12.10
麸皮 Rice bran	5.60	钙 Ca	0.90
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	5.00	总磷 Total phosphorus	0.65
进口 DDGS	10.00	有效磷 Available phosphorus	0.45
石粉 Limestone	1.00	赖氨酸 Lys	1.15
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal	5.00	蛋氨酸 Met	0.39
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	1.20	蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Sys	0.76
DL-蛋氨酸 Met	0.15	苏氨酸 Thr	0.85
盐 NaCl	0.30
70%赖氨酸 Lys	0.25
70%氯化胆碱 Choline chloride	0.10
预混料 Premix	1.00
合计 Total	100.00

原料组成 Ingredient	含量 Content （%）	营养水平 Nutrient levels	含量 Content （%）
玉米 Corn	55.95	粗蛋白质 Crude protein	19.50
大豆粕 Soybean meal	14.44	代谢能 ME/（MJ/kg）	12.10
麸皮 Rice bran	5.60	钙 Ca	0.90
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	5.00	总磷 Total phosphorus	0.65
进口 DDGS	10.00	有效磷 Available phosphorus	0.45
石粉 Limestone	1.00	赖氨酸 Lys	1.15
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal	5.00	蛋氨酸 Met	0.39
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	1.20	蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Sys	0.76
DL-蛋氨酸 Met	0.15	苏氨酸 Thr	0.85
盐 NaCl	0.30
70%赖氨酸 Lys	0.25
70%氯化胆碱 Choline chloride	0.10
预混料 Premix	1.00
合计 Total	100.00

项目 Item	分组 Group	品种 Breed			P-value
项目 Item	分组 Group	C1/T1	C2/T2	C3/T3	Breed	P×B
平均日增重 Average daily gain （ADG）	C	8.51±1.28Bb	9.80±1.66a	9.60±1.83Ba	0.001	0.057
	T	9.30±1.24Ac	10.25±1.58b	11.33±1.78Aa	0.001
	P-value	0.010	0.113	0.001
平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake （ADFI）	C	25.39±0.39b	28.34±1.32Aa	23.89±1.32Bb	0.007	0.001
	T	24.45±0.96b	25.63±0.84Bab	27.15±0.99Aa	0.033
	P-value	0.281	0.007	0.002
料重比 Feed/Gain （F/G）	C	2.99±0.00Aa	2.89±0.00Ab	2.49±0.00Ac	0.001	0.035
	T	2.63±0.00Ba	2.50±0.00Bb	2.40±0.00Bc	0.001
	P-value	0.001	0.001	0.003

项目 Item	分组 Group	品种 Breed			P-value
项目 Item	分组 Group	C1/T1	C2/T2	C3/T3	Breed	P×B
平均日增重 Average daily gain （ADG）	C	8.51±1.28Bb	9.80±1.66a	9.60±1.83Ba	0.001	0.057
	T	9.30±1.24Ac	10.25±1.58b	11.33±1.78Aa	0.001
	P-value	0.010	0.113	0.001
平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake （ADFI）	C	25.39±0.39b	28.34±1.32Aa	23.89±1.32Bb	0.007	0.001
	T	24.45±0.96b	25.63±0.84Bab	27.15±0.99Aa	0.033
	P-value	0.281	0.007	0.002
料重比 Feed/Gain （F/G）	C	2.99±0.00Aa	2.89±0.00Ab	2.49±0.00Ac	0.001	0.035
	T	2.63±0.00Ba	2.50±0.00Bb	2.40±0.00Bc	0.001
	P-value	0.001	0.001	0.003

项目 Item	分组 Group	品种 Breed			P值 P-value
项目 Item	分组 Group	C1/T1	C2/T2	C3/T3	Breed	P×B
乙酸 Acetic acid （mg/kg）	C	235.19±8.39Bc	311.83±2.10Bb	438.20±7.44Ba	0.001	0.011
	T	286.50±10.59Ac	338.71±5.23Ab	503.76±15.44Aa	0.001
	P-value	0.001	0.004	0.001
丙酸 Propionic acid （mg/kg）	C	224.56±6.43c	251.98±13.74Bb	292.59±5.19Ba	0.003	0.001
	T	218.52±5.30c	300.25±4.69Ab	459.75±11.52Aa	0.001
	P-value	0.060	0.001	0.001
戊酸 Valeric acid （mg/kg）	C	25.37±0.26Ab	34.83±1.91Aa	25.73±0.38Bb	0.001	0.001
	T	23.70±0.59Bb	31.13±0.50Ba	31.77±0.84Aa	0.001
	P-value	0.048	0.001	0.001
异戊酸 Isovaleric acid （mg/kg）	C	6.69±0.07Ab	13.21±0.23Aa	3.77±0.17Bc	0.001	0.001
	T	5.28±0.17Bb	6.17±0.19Ba	4.92±0.17Ab	0.007
	P-value	0.001	0.001	0.005
丁酸 Butyric acid （mg/kg）	C	101.79±2.44Bc	131.81±2.50Ab	163.59±2.48Ba	0.001	0.001
	T	138.54±2.95Ab	121.26±2.94Bc	203.74±7.16Aa	0.001
	P-value	0.001	0.003	0.003
异丁酸 Isobutyric acid （mg/kg）	C	24.61±0.93Ab	42.97±0.83Aa	14.30±0.30Bc	0.001	0.001
	T	22.05±1.15Bb	19.94±0.28Bb	28.90±2.17Aa	0.001
	P-value	0.003	0.001	0.001

益生菌对沂蒙鸡杂交系生长性能、盲肠菌群多样性及短链脂肪酸的影响

Effects of Probiotics on Growth Performance， Cecal Flora Diversity and Short-chain Fatty Acid of Yimeng Chicken Hybrid Line

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