蛋白质乙酰化修饰研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2015.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蛋白质乙酰化是一种普遍存在的、可逆而且高度调控的蛋白质翻译后修饰方式，主要发生在蛋白质赖氨酸残基的ε-NH₂位。乙酰化的研究历史已达50多年，目前已成为国际上蛋白质领域的研究热点。乙酰化修饰由乙酰基转移酶和去乙酰化酶共同调节，且参与了几乎所有的生物学过程，如转录、应激反应、新陈代谢以及蛋白合成与降解等。近年来，乙酰化修饰的检测技术发展迅速，从已广泛应用的质谱法到新技术如蛋白质芯片的加入，都为深入研究乙酰化提供了强有力的工具。蛋白质乙酰化应用广泛，主要在代谢疾病中发挥着重要的调控作用，而且去乙酰化酶抑制剂已经成为治疗心脏病、糖尿病和癌症等多种疾病的有潜力的试剂。围绕乙酰化的研究历程、功能、检测技术和应用进行了探讨和归纳，并在此基础上进行了展望和讨论。

关键词: 蛋白质乙酰化修饰, 代谢, 去乙酰化酶抑制剂, 乙酰基转移酶

Abstract: Protein acetylation is a ubiquitous, reversible and highly regulated protein post-translational modification. It mainly occurs in ?-NH₂ of protein lysine residues. Protein acetylation was firstly reported about 50 years ago, and now has been the international research hotspot in the field of protein. Acetylation is catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases, It was involved in almost every aspects of biological processes, including transcription, stress response, central metabolism and protein synthesis and degradation, etc. In recent years, the detection technology of acetylation, which includes mass spectrometry（MS）and protein chip and so on, has developed rapidly and provides a powerful tool for advanced study of acetylation. Protein acetylation is widely used and mainly plays an important role in metabolic diseases. In addition, histone deacetylase inhibitor（HDACIs）has become the potential agent to treat a variety of diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. This review probes and summarizes the study process, function, detecting techniques and applications of the acetylation, and also discusses the future directions as well as the prospects of protein acetylation research.

Key words: protein acetylation, metabolism, HDACIs, lysine acetyltransferase

吕斌娜,梁文星. 蛋白质乙酰化修饰研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2015, 31(4): 166-174.

Lü Binna, Liang Wenxing. The Research Progress of Protein Acetylation[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2015, 31(4): 166-174.

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