园林植物microRNA研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： microRNA（miRNA）是一种长度为19-24个核苷酸的内源性非编码小RNA,它能够在转录后水平通过剪切、翻译抑制和DNA甲基化3种作用方式负调控目标基因,广泛存在于植物器官中,对植物的生长发育和响应环境刺激具有重要的调控作用。目前在园林植物中关于miRNA的研究还相对较少,但也取得了一定的成果。已有的研究表明,miRNA不仅能够参与园林植物胚胎发育、叶片发育、分枝发育、花发育、果实发育以及发育时序的转变等生长发育过程;而且对园林植物的次级代谢及信号转导具有一定的调控作用,其靶基因通常为一些与次级代谢产物相关的信号分子。除此以外,许多miRNA在园林植物感受生物及非生物逆境胁迫并产生适应性的过程中也发挥重要作用。因此,综述了植物miRNA的生物合成和作用机制,重点介绍了miRNA在园林植物生长发育、次级代谢及信号转导及逆境胁迫等方面的生物学功能,以期为园林植物中miRNA的深入研究提供一定的借鉴和参考。

关键词: miRNA, 园林植物, 生长发育, 次级代谢, 逆境胁迫

Abstract: MicroRNA（miRNA）is one of the main type of non-coding small RNA with 19-24 nucleotides（nt）. miRNA can negatively regulate target gene expression levels at post-transcription levels through three patterns of cutting,translation inhibition and DNA methylation. They are widely existing in organisms and playing important regulatory roles in plant growth and development,as well as responses to environmental stimuli. Few studies on the miRNA in landscape plants have been carried out,but some achievements have been made. Previous studies show that miRNAs can not only participate in the embryonic development,leaf development,branch development,flower development,fruit development and developmental timing change of landscape plants,but also regulate their secondary metabolisms and signal transductions. In addition,many miRNAs in landscape plants play key roles in the sense and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. This paper reviews the biosynthesis and function mechanism of miRNA in plants,focusing on the biological functions of miRNA in development,secondary metabolism and signal transduction,stress in landscape plants. This is aimed to provide the reference for the further research of miRNA in landscape plants.

Key words: miRNA, landscape plants, development, secondary metabolism, stress

罗小宁, 翟立娟, 李想, 史倩倩, 张延龙. 园林植物microRNA研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(8): 17-26.

LUO Xiao-ning, ZHAI Li-juan, LI Xiang, SHI Qian-qian, ZHANG Yan-long. Research Progress on microRNA in Landscape Plants[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(8): 17-26.

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