宏基因组学结合合成生物学法挖掘新型生物催化剂的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物催化剂是具有催化活性的细胞和酶的统称,因其高效和环境友好的特性被广泛应用于工业、农业、医药和能源等领域。传统的生物催化剂挖掘技术依赖于生物分离及体外培养,在一定程度上阻碍了生物催化剂的发展。宏基因组学挖掘新型生物催化剂通过直接从环境样品中提取全部微生物的DNA,构建宏基因组文库,再基于功能活性和序列分析筛选新型生物催化剂,避免了微生物的分离培养。合成生物学是利用工程学原理,通过元件的设计,组合和系统的构建对生物途径、有机体或生物系统进行重新设计。综述了宏基因组学方法挖掘新型生物催化剂的最新研究进展,并对利用合成生物学方法改进宏基因组筛选新型生物催化剂的效率进行了讨论,以期提高挖掘新型生物催化剂的效率。

关键词: 生物催化剂, 宏基因组学, 活性筛选, 序列筛选, 合成生物学

Abstract: Biocatalysts refer to cells or enzymes with catalytic activity,and they are widely applied in industry,agriculture,medicine,and energy fields due to their high efficiency and environmentally friendly. Traditional biocatalyst mining technology relies on bio-separation and in vitro culture technology,which to a certain degree hinders the development of novel biocatalysts. Discovering novel biocatalysts by metagenomics is as such,directly extracting the DNA of all microorganisms from the target sample,constructing genomic library,and then screening novel biocatalysts based on functional activity and sequence analysis,which avoids the necessity of isolation and laboratory cultivation of microorganisms. Synthetic biology refers to redesign biological pathways,organisms or biological systems via the design,assembly and construction of components by employing engineering principles. This paper reviews the advances on minng new biocatalysts by metagenomics methods and discusses the efficiency of synthetic biology approaches to improve biocatalyst identification in metagenomic library screening,aiming to improve the efficiency of mining new biocatalysts.

Key words: biocatalyst, metagenomics, activity screening, sequence-based screening, synthetic biology

王叶, 贾振华, 宋水山. 宏基因组学结合合成生物学法挖掘新型生物催化剂的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(8): 35-42.

WANG Ye, JIA Zhen-hua, SONG Shui-shan. Research Advances on Integrating Metagenomics and Synthetic Biology in Discovering Novel Biocatalysts[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(8): 35-42.

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