铁皮石斛分子遗传学和多组学研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0759

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铁皮石斛（Dendrobium officinale）又名黑节草,隶属被子植物门,单子叶植物纲,兰科石斛属,是一种集食药用与观赏性为一体,且极具经济价值的多年生草本植物。由于铁皮石斛种子在自然条件下萌发效率低、生境破坏及采摘无度,野生资源已面临灭绝,1991年被国家列为珍稀濒危植物。《中国药典》记载其有滋阴清热、益胃生津的功效,被誉为“药界大熊猫”,具有很高的药用价值。加上近些年大健康产业不断蓬勃发展,铁皮石斛的市场需求逐年增加,这一古老的药食两用植物已成为人们的研究热点。随着基因组测序以及生物信息学等技术的日趋成熟,铁皮石斛在分子生物学研究领域取得了一系列可喜的成绩。综述了近年来国内外有关铁皮石斛在分子遗传学、基因组、转录组、蛋白质组与代谢组方面的研究进展,讨论了这些工作对铁皮石斛研究的重要意义,并对亟待开展的工作进行了展望,旨为铁皮石斛分子育种、功能基因挖掘和活性成分生物合成机制提供理论依据,促进铁皮石斛产业的科学可持续发展。

关键词: 铁皮石斛, 分子遗传学, 基因组, 转录组

Abstract: Dendrobium officinale,alternatively named as “Heijiecao” in China,belongs to genus Dendrobium of Orchidaceae in the Angiosperm,Monocotyledonous. It is a perennial herb with combined edible,medicinal and ornamental properties and great economic value. The wild resource of D. officinale has been near extinct due to low germination efficiency of seeds under the natural conditions,habitat destruction and excessive picking. In 1991,it was listed as endangered plants by the state. The "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" records that it has the effect of relieving stomach upsets,promoting body fluid production,nourishing “yin” and enhancing antipyresis,thus called as “pharmaceutical panda” and possesses high medicinal value. Moreover,because the comprehensive health industry has developed vigorously in recent years and the market demand of D. officinale has increased year by year,this ancient dual-use plant as food and medicine has become a hotspot. With the maturing of genome sequencing and bioinformatics,a series of gratifying achievements in molecular biology for D. officinale has been achieved. This paper reviews the recent advances in molecular genetics,genome,transcriptome,proteome and metabolome on D. officinale at home and abroad,and discusses the significance of these works,and also prospects the work that needs to be carried out,aiming to provide the theoretical basis for molecular breeding,functional gene mining and biosynthesis mechanism of active components,and to promote the scientific and sustainable development of D. officinale industry.

Key words: Dendrobium officinale, molecular genetics, genome, transcriptome

乔宇琛, 周思静, 宋梅芳, 王平, 刘桂君. 铁皮石斛分子遗传学和多组学研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(3): 151-163.

QIAO Yu-chen, ZHOU Si-jing, SONG Mei-fang, WANG Ping, LIU Gui-jun. Research Progress on Molecular Genetics and Multi-omics of Dendrobium officinale[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(3): 151-163.

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