盐、碱胁迫下高丹草苗期生理特征及转录组学分析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0758

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高丹草（Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense hybrids）具有抗旱和耐盐碱特性，逐渐成为畜牧业重要的饲料作物，明确高丹草耐盐、耐碱分子调控机制对高丹草分子辅助育种具有重要意义。本文对高丹草种子进行不同浓度的NaCl和Na₂CO₃胁迫，统计不同浓度下发芽率变化；高丹草幼苗进行200 mmol/L的NaCl和Na₂CO₃胁迫处理，不同时间段对整株幼苗可溶性糖、脯氨酸（PRO）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）生理指标测定和转录组学表达分析。结果表明，相同浓度中性盐（NaCl）胁迫高丹草种子发芽率、根长均大于碱性盐（Na₂CO₃）胁迫。随着胁迫时间延长，POD和CAT在中性盐胁迫时表现出逐渐下降趋势，碱性盐胁迫时呈逐渐增加趋势；PRO、可溶性糖和T-SOD在中性盐胁迫表现出逐渐增大趋势，碱性盐胁迫时表现出逐渐减小趋势。转录组学分析发现，在中性盐胁迫6、12和24 h后，分别鉴定出241个、293个和149个DEG，碱性盐胁迫后，分别鉴定出664个、641个和728个DEG。GO和KEGG 聚类分析显示，盐和碱胁迫处理下参与氧化还原酶合成、渗透胁迫、细胞膜组分、细胞氧化解毒等相关DEG在高丹草苗期生长过程中应对盐碱胁迫响应发挥关键性作用，DEG主要集中在激素信号转导、光合代谢、氧化还原、糖代谢、核酸修复、苯丙烷生物合成等过程与非生物胁迫或逆境相关。盐碱胁迫条件下，高丹草幼苗应对环境刺激通过激素信号转导和氧化还原酶解毒。糖代谢和还原酶合成转运在耐盐碱品种中起到了重要作用。

关键词: 高丹草, 盐碱胁迫, 转录组

Abstract:

Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense has the characteristics of drought resistance and salt-alkali tolerance, and has gradually become an important feed crop in animal husbandry. It is of great significance to clarify the molecular regulation mechanism of salt-tolerant and alkali-tolerant grass for molecular-assisted breeding. In this paper, the seeds of S. bicolor × S. sudanense were treated with different concentration of NaCl and Na₂CO₃ stress, and the germination rates of the seeds were analyzed under different concentrations. The seedlings were treated with 200 mmol/L NaCl and Na₂CO₃ stress. The physiological indexes of soluble sugar, proline（PRO）, catalase（CAT）, peroxidase（POD）and total superoxide dismutase（T-SOD）were determined and transcriptome expression was analyzed in different time periods. The results showed that the germination rate and root length of S. bicolor × S. sudanense under the same concentration of neutral salt stress were higher than those under alkaline salt stress. With the time prolonging, POD and CAT showed a gradually decreasing trend under neutral salt stress, but gradually increasing trend under alkaline salt stress. PRO, soluble sugar and T-SOD increased gradually under neutral salt stress, but decreased gradually under alkaline salt stress. Transcriptome analysis showed that 241, 293 and 149 DEGs were identified after 6, 12 and 24 h of neutral salt stress, and 664, 641 and 728 DEGs were identified under alkaline salt stress. GO and KEGG cluster analysis revealed that DEGs involved in oxidative reductase synthesis, osmotic stress, cell membrane composition, cell oxidation and detoxification played a key role in the responses to salt-alkali stress the grass in the seedling. DEG mainly focused on hormone signal transduction, photosynthetic metabolism, redox, glucose metabolism, nucleic acid repair, phenylpropane biosynthesis and other processes related to abiotic stress or stress. Under saline-alkali stress, the grass seedlings responded to environmental stimuli through hormone signal transduction and oxidoreductase detoxification. Glucose metabolism and reductase synthesis and transport play an important role in salt-tolerant varieties.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense, salt-alkali stress, transcriptome

孔德真, 段震宇, 王刚, 张鑫, 席琳乔. 盐、碱胁迫下高丹草苗期生理特征及转录组学分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(6): 199-207.

KONG De-zhen, DUAN Zhen-yu, WANG Gang, ZHANG Xin, XI Lin-qiao. Physiological Characteristics and Transcriptome Analysis of Sorghum bicolor × S. Sudanense Seedlings Under Salt-alkali Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(6): 199-207.

图/表 5

图1 不同盐碱浓度对高丹草发芽率（A）和表型（B）的影响

Fig. 1 Effects of different saline and alkali concentrations on germination rates（A）and phenotypes（B）of Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense

图2 不同盐碱浓度对高丹草生理特性的影响不同字母表示在 0.05水平上差异显著

Fig. 2 Effects of different saline and alkali concentrations on the physiological characteristics of Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense Different letters mean significant difference at 0. 05 level

图3 不同盐碱处理的DEG统计

Fig. 3 DEG statistics under different saline and alkali treatments

图4 差异基因GO分析

Fig. 4 GO analyses of differentially expressed genes

图5 KEGG富集分析 A：上调基因；B：下调基因

Fig. 5 KEGG enrichment analysis A: Up gene. B: Down gene

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