畜禽粪肥和秸秆还田对玉米根际微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0913

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 畜禽粪肥和秸秆作为有机物质能够提高土壤微生物丰度和多样性,改善土壤颗粒结构,提高作物产量。以玉米根际微生物为研究对象探索畜禽粪肥和秸秆还田对其群落结构的影响。应用Illumina Miseq技术对两种处理（LM组：畜禽粪肥;SR组：秸秆还田）的玉米根际菌群的16S rDNA的V4-V5可变区进行高通量测序。结果表明：（1）SR组的Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Chao1指数与LM组差异不明显（P>0.05）,二者均具有较高的菌群丰度;（2）在门水平,主要菌门构成相似,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）的相对丰度SR组高于LM组（P<0.01）,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）的相对丰度LM组高于SR组（P<0.01）;（3）在属水平,主要菌属构成相似,芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus spp.）的相对丰度SR组高于LM组（P<0.01）;（4）根际微生物群落的功能预测分析,其主要富集于碳、氨基酸、辅酶和维生素、萜类和聚酮化合物等物质代谢通路。上述结果显示,在施用畜禽粪肥与秸秆还田条件下,玉米根际微生物群落结构具有相似性,仅部分菌属的占比存在差异,但对玉米产量的影响差异不明显（P>0.05）,表明秸秆连续还田达到施用畜禽粪肥同样的效果。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 畜禽粪肥, 根际微生物, 16S rDNA, 玉米

Abstract: Livestock manure and straw as organic matter may increase the abundance and diversity of soil microorganisms,improve soil grain structure and thus increase crop yield. In this study,microorganisms around maize rhizosphere were used as the research object to explore the effects of livestock manure and straw returning to field on the microbial structure. The Illumina Miseq technology was used for high-throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 variable region of 16S rDNA gene from the maize rhizobacteria of two treatments（LM group：livestock manure;SR group：straw returning to field）. The results showed that：1）there was no significant difference in Shannon index,Simpson index and Chao1 index between SR group and LM group（P >0.05）,both had high flora abundance;2）the main phyla composition was similar at the phylum level,the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Chloroflexi in SR group was higher than that in LM group（P < 0.01）,and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in LM group was higher than that in SR group（P < 0.01）;3）the main genus composition was similar at the genus level,the relative abundance of Bacillus spp. in SR group was higher than that in LM group（P < 0.01）;4）the functional prediction of rhizosphere microbial community mainly concentrated in the metabolic pathways of substances such as carbon,amino acids,coenzymes and vitamins,terpenoids and polyketides,etc. The above results revealed that the microbial community structure of maize rhizosphere was similar under the application of livestock manure and straw returning to field,only the proportion of some bacteria was different,but the difference of effect on maize yield was not obvious（P > 0.05）,indicating that continuous straw returning to field had the same effect as livestock manure applied.

Key words: straw returning to field, livestock manure, rhizosphere microorganism, 16S rDNA, maize

许来鹏, 万鲜花, 孙向丽, 曹艳芳, 李慧, 田亚东, 刘小军, 康相涛, 王彦彬. 畜禽粪肥和秸秆还田对玉米根际微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(9): 137-146.

XU Lai-peng, WAN Xian-hua, SUN Xiang-li, CAO Yan-fang, LI Hui, TIAN Ya-dong, LIU Xiao-jun, KANG Xiang-tao, WANG Yan-bin. Effects of Livestock Manure and Straw Returning to Field on Microbial Community Structure Around Maize Rhizosphere[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(9): 137-146.

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