水稻耐碱性研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0263

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国土地盐碱化程度不断加剧,严重制约了粮食生产。水稻作为中度盐敏感作物,根系具有吸收盐分和分泌有机酸的作用,其生长的水环境能够淡化土壤表层盐碱度,是改良盐碱地的首选粮食作物。碱胁迫和盐胁迫均能对水稻造成渗透胁迫和离子毒害,而碱胁迫使水稻遭受高pH值和高盐分双重损伤,伤害作用和调控机制比盐胁迫更为严重和复杂。目前,研究多集中于盐胁迫,对碱胁迫下水稻响应和调控机制的研究较少。综述了碱胁迫对水稻生长发育和生理生化的影响、水稻耐碱机理及相关基因的研究,提出了强化水稻耐碱性的策略,以期通过分子生物技术培育耐碱水稻新品种,实现盐碱地改良,扩大水稻种植面积和总产量,保障粮食生产安全。

关键词: 水稻, 耐碱性, 碱胁迫

Abstract:

In China,with the degree of land salinization aggravating,the crop production is impeded. Rice,as a moderately salt-sensitive crop,as its roots absorb salt and secrete organic acids,may dilute the salinity-alkalinity of the soil surface in its growing water environment,thus making it the first choice for improving saline-alkali land. Salt and alkali stress cause both osmotic stress and ion toxicity to rice plants. Furthermore,alkali stress results in the rice suffering from double damages of high pH value and high salinity,the damage is more severe and the regulation mechanism is more complex than salt stress. At present,most of the researches had focused on salt stress,but few studies were on the response and regulation mechanism of alkali stress. This paper systematically reviewed the effects of alkali stress on the growth,development,physiology,and biochemistry of rice,as well as the alkali-resistance mechanism and related genes,and finally proposed a strategy of enhancing the alkali tolerance of rice. It is aimed to breed new alkali-resistant rice varieties through the molecular biological technique for improving saline-alkali soil,increasing rice plating area and rice yield,and thus protecting national food security.

Key words: rice, alkali resistance, alkali stress

冷春旭, 郑福余, 赵北平, 刘海英, 王玉杰. 水稻耐碱性研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(11): 103-111.

LENG Chun-xu, ZHENG Fu-yu, ZHAO Bei-ping, LIU Hai-ying, WANG Yu-jie. Advances on Alkaline Tolerance of Rice[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(11): 103-111.

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