腐殖酸煤对牛粪好氧堆肥臭气释放量及微生物群落多样性的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0032

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为对比分析不同腐殖酸煤添加量对牛粪堆肥过程中臭气释放量及微生物群落多样性的影响。以鲜牛粪为主料,分别添加质量分数为5%、10%、15%的腐殖酸煤进行为期50 d的堆肥试验,通过Biolog ECO平板检测技术分析腐殖酸煤添加量对堆肥微生物群落多样性的影响。腐殖酸煤加入量在5%-10%时,堆肥处理的高温持续时间达23-25 d,比CK 处理多35 d;添加腐殖酸煤处理的平均AWCD值、平均Shannon指数、平均Simpson指数比CK处理高22.27%-28.47%、2.32%-6.06%和23.21%-30.48%;堆肥产品的种子发芽指数比CK处理高6.53%-13.06%;NH₃和H₂S释放量比CK处理分别低20.82%-39.74%和25.17%-45.21%。添加5%-10%的腐殖酸煤可以增加堆肥过程中的微生物多样性,促进微生物种群演替,加快对不同物质的转化代谢,促进堆肥腐熟进程,减少臭气的释放量。

关键词: 牛粪, 堆肥, 腐殖酸煤, 臭气, 微生物群落

Abstract:

This study aims to understand the effects of different added amounts of weathered coal on the release of odor and the diversity of microbial communities during the composting process of cow manure. Taking fresh cow manure as the main material and adding 5%,10% and 15% weathered acid coal respectively to carry out a 50-day composting test,the effect of the weathered acid coal addition on the compost microbial community was analyzed by Biolog ECO flat panel detection technology. When the amount of added weathered coal was 5%-10%,the high temperature duration of composting treatment was 23-25 d,which was 3-5 d longer than that of CK treatment（20 d）;the average AWCD value,average Shannon index and average Simpson of the weathered coal treatment were 22.27%-28.47%,2.32%-6.06% and 23.21%-30.48% higher than the CK treatment,respectively; the seed germination index of compost product was 6.53%-13.06% higher than the CK treatment; NH₃ and H₂S release were 20.82%-39.74% and 25.17%-45.21% lower than the CK treatment respectively. In summary,adding 5%-10% weathered coal may increase the microbial diversity in the composting process,promote the succession of microbial populations,accelerate the transformation and metabolism of different substances,promote the decomposing process of the compost,and reduce the release of odor.

Key words: cow manure, compost, weathered coal, odor, microbial community

赵旭, 王文丽, 李娟. 腐殖酸煤对牛粪好氧堆肥臭气释放量及微生物群落多样性的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(12): 104-112.

ZHAO Xu, WANG Wen-li, LI Juan. Effects of Weathered Coal Additives on the Odor and Microbial Community Diversity During Cow Manure Aerobic Composting[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(12): 104-112.

图/表 11

表1 堆肥原料的主要成分

Table 1 Main ingredients of the material composting

材料Material	有机碳Organic carbon/%	全氮Total nitrogen/%	C/N	水分Moisture content/%
牛粪Cow manure	33.42	1.54	21.7	58.42
腐殖酸煤Humic acid coal	39.6	0.14	282.86	19.12

图1 不同处理堆体温度动态变化

Fig.1 Dynamic variations in temperature under different compost treatments

图2 不同处理的堆料pH值动态变化

Fig.2 Dynamic variations in pH value under different compost treatments

图3 不同处理的堆料含水率动态变化

Fig.3 Dynamic variations in moisture content under different compost treatments

图4 不同处理种子发芽指数动态变化

Fig.4 Dynamic variations in germination index（GI）of seeds under different compost treatments

图5 不同处理C/N动态变化

Fig.5 Dynamic variations in C/N under different compost treatments

图6 堆料表面H2S浓度的动态变化

Fig.6 Dynamic variations in hydrogen sulfide concentra-tion under different compost treatments

图7 堆料表面NH3浓度的动态变化

Fig.7 Dynamic variations in ammonia concentration under different compost treatments

图8 堆料AWCD值的动态变化

Fig.8 Dynamic variations in AWCD under different compost treatments

图9 堆料Simpson指数的动态变化

Fig.9 Dynamic variations in Simpson index under different compost treatments

图10 堆料Shannon指数的动态变化

Fig.10 Dynamic variationsin Shannon index under different compost treatments

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