堆肥腐殖化过程及微生物驱动机制

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0134

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

好氧堆肥是一种典型的有机固体废弃物稳定化无害化的生物化学过程,在这一过程中有机物通过微生物分解然后聚合形成腐殖质（HS）。木质素由于其复杂的网络结构,导致很难在堆肥高温阶段完全被微生物降解,此外,木质素作为HS形成的原料和骨架,它的深度降解对堆肥腐殖化过程具有重要的意义。堆肥冷却和腐熟阶段是HS形成的关键时期,其中真菌和木质素酶在深化木质素降解、强化腐殖化过程中扮演重要角色。温度和pH作为影响腐殖化进程的重要环境因子,它的调控是人为强化腐殖化进程的重要手段。综述了关键酶降解木质素的作用机制、前体物质与腐殖酸形成之间的作用机理,以及真菌对腐殖酸形成的驱动机制。提出探索堆肥过程中参与HS合成代谢途径的关键基因和酶是今后堆肥腐殖化过程研究的重要方向。

关键词: 堆肥腐殖化过程, 木质素, 前体物质, 真菌, 微生物驱动机制

Abstract:

Aerobic composting is a typical biochemical process of stabilizing and harmless organic waste. In this process,organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms and then polymerized to form humus（HS）. Due to its complex network structure,it is difficult for lignin to be completely degraded by microorganisms in the high temperature stage of compost. In addition,as the raw material and skeleton of HS formation,the deep degradation of lignin is of great significance to the humification process of composting. The composting cooling and humification stage are the key periods of HS formation,in which fungi and ligninase play an important role in deepening lignin degradation and enhancing humification. Temperature and pH are important environmental factors affecting humification process,and their regulation is an important means to strengthening humification process artificially. This paper reviewed the degradation mechanism of lignin by key enzymes,the interaction between precursor substances and humic acid formation,and the driving mechanism of fungi on humic acid formation. It is suggested that exploring the key genes and enzymes involved in HS anabolic pathway in composting is an important direction of composting humification in the future.

Key words: humification process of composting, lignin, precursor, fungi, microbial driving mechanism

王宇蕴, 赵兵, 马丽婷, 李兰, 邓亚琴, 徐智. 堆肥腐殖化过程及微生物驱动机制[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(5): 22-28.

WANG Yu-yun, ZHAO Bing, MA Li-ting, LI Lan, DENG Ya-qin, XU Zhi. Humification Process and Microbial Driving Mechanism of Composting[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(5): 22-28.

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