木霉菌对根结线虫和孢囊线虫防治机理研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0618

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根结线虫Meloidogyne spp.和孢囊线虫Heterodera spp.是分布最广、危害最严重的两类植物病原线虫。它们寄生于植物根部，通过巨型细胞或合胞体获取营养，影响植物生长发育，对农作物造成严重的经济损失。木霉菌Trichoderma spp. 是农业生产中重要的生防资源。近年来，随着环境保护意识的提升，木霉菌作为植物寄生线虫的生防资源越来越受到重视。本文主要从木霉菌对根结线虫和孢囊线虫的生防机制、作用方式、影响因素及存在的问题等方面进行综述，分析木霉菌在生物防治中存在的问题，并对其应用前景进行展望。

关键词: 根结线虫, 孢囊线虫, 木霉菌, 生物防治, 互作机制

Abstract:

Root-knot nematode（Meloidogyne spp.）and cyst nematode（Heterodera spp.）are two kinds of plant-parasitic nematodes that are the most agriculturally damaging group of plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide. They infect roots the of the host plant, obtaining nutrition through giant cells or syncytia, affecting plant growth and development, and causing severe economic losses to crops. Trichoderma spp. is an important biocontrol resource in agricultural production. With the improvement of environmental protection awareness, Trichoderma spp. has recently attracted more and more attention as a biocontrol resource of plant-parasitic nematodes. Here we discussed the biocontrol mechanism, action mode, influencing factors, existing problems, and production application of Trichoderma against root-knot nematode and cyst nematode. Finally, we analyzed the issues of Trichoderma in biological control and provided insight into their application.

Key words: Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera spp., Trichoderma spp., biological control, interaction mechanism

罗宁, 焦阳, 茆振川, 李惠霞, 谢丙炎. 木霉菌对根结线虫和孢囊线虫防治机理研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(2): 35-50.

LUO Ning, JIAO Yang, MAO Zhen-chuan, LI Hui-xia, XIE Bing-yan. Advances of Trichoderma in Controlling Root Knot Nematodes and Cyst Nematodes[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(2): 35-50.

图/表 4

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木霉种类 Species name	作用方式 Effect	应用方式 Application method	靶标线虫 Target nematode	寄主植物 Host plant	参考文献 Reference
长枝木霉 T. longibrachiatum	寄生 Parasitic	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita 禾谷孢囊线虫 Heterodera avenae	黄瓜 Cucumber 小麦 Wheat	[30????????????????????-51]
康宁木霉 T. koningiopsis	寄生 Parasitic	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	南方根结线虫 M. incognita	黄瓜 Cucumber	[52]
长枝木霉 T. longibrachiatum	拮抗 Antagonistic	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	爪哇根结线虫 M. javanica	西葫芦 Zucchini	[53]
桔绿木霉 T. citrinoviride	拮抗 Antagonistic	过滤发酵液 Culture filtrate	南方根结线虫 M. incognita	番茄 Tomato	[54]
绿木霉T. virens	拮抗Antagonistic	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	爪哇根结线虫M. javanica	花生Peanut	[55]
绿色木霉T. viride	拮抗Antagonistic	次级代谢产物Secondary metabolites	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[48]
	毒杀Toxic	过滤发酵液Culture filtrate	南方根结线虫M. incognita	黄瓜Cucumber	[56]
	毒杀Toxic	过滤发酵液Culture filtrate	北方根结线虫M. hapla	番茄Tomato	[57]
	毒杀Toxic	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	大豆Soybean	[42]
钩状木霉T. hamatum	毒杀Toxic	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	大豆Soybean	[42]
棘孢木霉T. asperellum	拮抗Antagonistic	菌剂Preparation	禾谷孢囊线虫H. avenae	小麦Wheat	[58]
棘孢木霉T. asperellum	寄生Parasitic	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[29]
哈茨木霉 T. harzianum	拮抗 Antagonistic	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	南方根结线虫 M. incognita 南方根结线虫 M. incognita 象耳豆根结线虫 M. enterolobii 马铃薯孢囊线虫 Globodera pallida 玉米孢囊线虫 H. zeae	番茄 Tomato 黄瓜 Cucumber 番石榴 Guava 马铃薯 Potato 玉米 Maize	[48,59??-62]
拟康宁木霉 T. koningiopsis	拮抗 Antagonistic	几丁质酶提取物 Chitinase extraction	南方根结线虫M. incognita 爪哇根结线虫M. javanica	-	[32]
白色木霉T. album	拮抗Antagonistic	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	花生根结线虫M. arenaria	马铃薯Potato	[63]
绿色木霉T. viride	拮抗Antagonistic	种子处理Seed treatment	北方根结线虫M. hapla	胡萝卜Carrot	[64]
木霉菌 Trichoderma spp.	拮抗 Antagonistic	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	北方根结线虫 M. hapla	番茄 Tomato	[65]
木霉菌 Trichoderma spp.	拮抗 Antagonistic	种子处理 Seed treatment	南方根结线虫 M. incognita	黄瓜 Cucumber	[66]
木霉菌 Trichoderma spp.	拮抗 Antagonistic	木霉菌+茴香+香菜种子粉 Trichoderma + fennel + caraway powder	南方根结线虫 M. incognita	豌豆 Pea	[22]
木霉菌 Trichoderma spp.	拮抗 Antagonistic	木霉菌+淡紫拟青霉 Trichoderma + Paecilomyces lilacinus	爪哇根结线虫 M. javanica	菠萝 Pineapple	[67]
木霉菌 Trichoderma spp.	拮抗 Antagonistic	木霉菌+堆肥 Trichoderma+vermicompost	拟禾本科根结线虫 M. graminicola	水稻 Rice	[68]

木霉种类 Species name	作用方式 Effect	应用方式 Application method	靶标线虫 Target nematode	寄主植物 Host plant	参考文献 Reference
长枝木霉 T. longibrachiatum	寄生 Parasitic	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita 禾谷孢囊线虫 Heterodera avenae	黄瓜 Cucumber 小麦 Wheat	[30????????????????????-51]
康宁木霉 T. koningiopsis	寄生 Parasitic	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	南方根结线虫 M. incognita	黄瓜 Cucumber	[52]
长枝木霉 T. longibrachiatum	拮抗 Antagonistic	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	爪哇根结线虫 M. javanica	西葫芦 Zucchini	[53]
桔绿木霉 T. citrinoviride	拮抗 Antagonistic	过滤发酵液 Culture filtrate	南方根结线虫 M. incognita	番茄 Tomato	[54]
绿木霉T. virens	拮抗Antagonistic	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	爪哇根结线虫M. javanica	花生Peanut	[55]
绿色木霉T. viride	拮抗Antagonistic	次级代谢产物Secondary metabolites	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[48]
	毒杀Toxic	过滤发酵液Culture filtrate	南方根结线虫M. incognita	黄瓜Cucumber	[56]
	毒杀Toxic	过滤发酵液Culture filtrate	北方根结线虫M. hapla	番茄Tomato	[57]
	毒杀Toxic	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	大豆Soybean	[42]
钩状木霉T. hamatum	毒杀Toxic	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	大豆Soybean	[42]
棘孢木霉T. asperellum	拮抗Antagonistic	菌剂Preparation	禾谷孢囊线虫H. avenae	小麦Wheat	[58]
棘孢木霉T. asperellum	寄生Parasitic	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[29]
哈茨木霉 T. harzianum	拮抗 Antagonistic	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	南方根结线虫 M. incognita 南方根结线虫 M. incognita 象耳豆根结线虫 M. enterolobii 马铃薯孢囊线虫 Globodera pallida 玉米孢囊线虫 H. zeae	番茄 Tomato 黄瓜 Cucumber 番石榴 Guava 马铃薯 Potato 玉米 Maize	[48,59??-62]
拟康宁木霉 T. koningiopsis	拮抗 Antagonistic	几丁质酶提取物 Chitinase extraction	南方根结线虫M. incognita 爪哇根结线虫M. javanica	-	[32]
白色木霉T. album	拮抗Antagonistic	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	花生根结线虫M. arenaria	马铃薯Potato	[63]
绿色木霉T. viride	拮抗Antagonistic	种子处理Seed treatment	北方根结线虫M. hapla	胡萝卜Carrot	[64]
木霉菌 Trichoderma spp.	拮抗 Antagonistic	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	北方根结线虫 M. hapla	番茄 Tomato	[65]
木霉菌 Trichoderma spp.	拮抗 Antagonistic	种子处理 Seed treatment	南方根结线虫 M. incognita	黄瓜 Cucumber	[66]
木霉菌 Trichoderma spp.	拮抗 Antagonistic	木霉菌+茴香+香菜种子粉 Trichoderma + fennel + caraway powder	南方根结线虫 M. incognita	豌豆 Pea	[22]
木霉菌 Trichoderma spp.	拮抗 Antagonistic	木霉菌+淡紫拟青霉 Trichoderma + Paecilomyces lilacinus	爪哇根结线虫 M. javanica	菠萝 Pineapple	[67]
木霉菌 Trichoderma spp.	拮抗 Antagonistic	木霉菌+堆肥 Trichoderma+vermicompost	拟禾本科根结线虫 M. graminicola	水稻 Rice	[68]

木霉种类 Species name	应用方式 Application method	靶标线虫 Target nematode	寄主植物 Host plant	参考文献 Reference
长枝木霉 T. longibrachiatum	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[18,88 -89]
	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	小麦Wheat
	木霉菌+堆肥+芽孢杆菌Trichoderma+ Compost+ Bacillus	爪哇根结线虫M. javanica	大豆Soybean
钩状木霉T. hamatum	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[72]
深绿木霉T. atroviride	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	爪哇根结线虫M. javanica	番茄Tomato	[23]
棘孢木霉T. asperellum	商业产品Commercial products	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[27,90]
棘孢木霉T. asperellum	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	爪哇根结线虫M. javanica	番茄Tomato	[27,90]
拟康宁木霉T. koningiopsis	种子包衣Seed coating	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	大豆Soybean	[73]
绿色木霉T. viride	种子包衣Seed coating	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	大豆Soybean
长孢木霉T. longipile	种子包衣Seed coating	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	大豆Soybean
哈茨木霉T. harzianum	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[76]

木霉种类 Species name	应用方式 Application method	靶标线虫 Target nematode	寄主植物 Host plant	参考文献 Reference
长枝木霉 T. longibrachiatum	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[18,88 -89]
	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	小麦Wheat
	木霉菌+堆肥+芽孢杆菌Trichoderma+ Compost+ Bacillus	爪哇根结线虫M. javanica	大豆Soybean
钩状木霉T. hamatum	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[72]
深绿木霉T. atroviride	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	爪哇根结线虫M. javanica	番茄Tomato	[23]
棘孢木霉T. asperellum	商业产品Commercial products	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[27,90]
棘孢木霉T. asperellum	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	爪哇根结线虫M. javanica	番茄Tomato	[27,90]
拟康宁木霉T. koningiopsis	种子包衣Seed coating	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	大豆Soybean	[73]
绿色木霉T. viride	种子包衣Seed coating	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	大豆Soybean
长孢木霉T. longipile	种子包衣Seed coating	大豆孢囊线虫H. glycines	大豆Soybean
哈茨木霉T. harzianum	孢子悬浮液Spore suspension	南方根结线虫M. incognita	番茄Tomato	[76]

木霉种类 Species name	应用方式 Application method	作用 Function	寄主植物 Host plant	参考文献 Reference
深绿木霉 T. atrovirid	次级代谢产物 Secondary metabolites	诱导早期植物生长 Induce early plant growth	小麦 Wheat	[94]
阿兹维多木霉 T. azevedoi	次级代谢产物 Secondary metabolites	提高叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和促进生长 Increase chlorophyll, carotenoids and promote growth	莴苣 Lettuce	[95]
哈茨木霉 T. harzianum	次级代谢产物 Secondary metabolites	提高种子发芽指数和种子活力指数 Improve seed germination index and seed vigor index	水稻 Rice	[100,112]
哈茨木霉 T. harzianum	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	提高土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性，提高N和P利用率 Increase soil urease and phosphatase activities, improve N and P utilization	甜瓜 Melon	[100,112]
奶油木霉 T. cremeum	次级代谢产物 Secondary metabolites	诱导早期植物生长 Induce early plant growth	番茄 Tomato	[101]
棘孢木霉 T. asperellum	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	诱导产生生长素、赤霉素和脱落酸，促进生长 Induce the production of IAA, GA, ABA and promote growth	黄瓜 Cucumber	[102]
长枝木霉 T. longibrachiatum	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	促进生长，提高根际土壤养分和土壤酶活性 Promote growth, increase soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere	玉米 Maize	[113]
贵州木霉 T. guizhouense	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	提高根系密度，促进生长；扩大根细胞壁，增加定殖 Enhance root density and promote growth; expand root cell walls, and increase root colonization	黄瓜 Cucumber	[114]
土星孢木霉T.saturnisporum	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	增产，促进生长 Increase production and promote growth	甜瓜 Melon	[115]
拟康宁木霉 T. koningiopsis	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	加速种子萌发，提高种子活力 Accelerate seed germination, and increase seed vigor	西瓜 Watermelon	[116]
绿色木霉 T. viride	孢子悬浮液 Spore suspension	增产，促进生长 Increase production and promote growth	黄瓜 Cucumber	[117]