土壤生物熏蒸对蔬菜根结线虫及土壤线虫群落的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0670

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根结线虫是威胁农业生产的重要病原物。在田间研究了甘蓝生物熏蒸对番茄根结线虫的防治效果,并利用悬浮离心法分离土壤线虫,评价生物熏蒸对土壤线虫群落的影响。结果表明：甘蓝熏蒸可以降低根结线虫对番茄的危害,在定植60和90 d时防治效果分别达58.6%和45.8%,防效与化学农药噻唑膦相当。此外生物熏蒸可以增加土壤中的食细菌类线虫和捕食/杂食类线虫数量,降低土壤食真菌类线虫和植物寄生类线虫数量,增加土壤自由生活线虫丰富度指数MI,降低植物寄生线虫成熟度指数PPI和PPI/MI指数,说明甘蓝生物熏蒸对植物寄生线虫有一定的抑制作用,降低了土壤受到干扰的次数和强度,对土壤生态环境起到了积极作用。研究结果表明甘蓝生物熏蒸可以有效防治蔬菜根结线虫,是一种对生态环境友好的绿色防控技术。

关键词: 根结线虫, 生物熏蒸, 线虫群落, 甘蓝

Abstract:

Root-knot nematodes are important pathogens threatening agricultural production. The control effects of cabbage biofumigation on tomato root-knot nematodes in the field were studied,the soil nematodes were isolated by the suspended centrifugation method and the influence of biofumigation on the soil nematode community was evaluated. The results showed that cabbage biofumigation reduced the damage of root-knot nematode to tomato. The control efficacy of biofumigation was 58.6% and 45.8% respectively at 60 and 90 d post transplantation,which was equivalent to that of the chemical pesticide fosthiazate. In addition,biofumigation resulted in the increase of the number of bacterivores nematodes and omnivore predator nematodes,and reduction of the number of fungivores nematodes and parasitic nematodes. Moreover biofumigation increased the maturity index（MI）of soil free-living nematodes,reduced the plant parasite index（PPI）and PPI/MI. It is indicated that cabbage biofumigation presents some inhibitory effect on plant parasitic nematodes,reduces the number and intensity of soil interference,and plays a positive role in the soil ecological environment. The research results show that cabbage biofumigation may effectively prevent and control vegetable root-knot nematodes,which is an environmentally friendly green prevention and control technology.

Key words: root-knot nematodes, biofumigation, nematode community, cabbage

金娜, 王学艳, 刘倩, 彭德良, 彭焕, 简恒. 土壤生物熏蒸对蔬菜根结线虫及土壤线虫群落的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(7): 156-163.

JIN Na, WANG Xue-yan, LIU Qian, PENG De-liang, PENG Huan, JIAN Heng. Effects of Biofumigation on Root-knot Nematodes and Soil Nematode Community[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(7): 156-163.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	60 d			90 d
处理 Treatment	根结级数 Root knot series	病情指数Disease index	防治效率 Control efficiency/%	根结级数 Root knot series	病情指数Disease index	防治效率 Control efficiency/%
CK	5.80±0.45a	58.00		6.92±0.79a	69.17	—
噻唑膦Fosthiazate	2.20±0.84b	22.00	62.1	2.25±1.36b	22.50	67.5
生物熏蒸Biofumigation	2.40±1.14b	24.00	58.6	3.75±0.97b	37.50	45.8
生物熏蒸+HDZ-9-47 Biofumigation +HDZ-9-47	2.00±1.00b	20.00	65.5	3.11±1.17b	31.11	55.0

处理 Treatment	60 d			90 d
处理 Treatment	根结级数 Root knot series	病情指数Disease index	防治效率 Control efficiency/%	根结级数 Root knot series	病情指数Disease index	防治效率 Control efficiency/%
CK	5.80±0.45a	58.00		6.92±0.79a	69.17	—
噻唑膦Fosthiazate	2.20±0.84b	22.00	62.1	2.25±1.36b	22.50	67.5
生物熏蒸Biofumigation	2.40±1.14b	24.00	58.6	3.75±0.97b	37.50	45.8
生物熏蒸+HDZ-9-47 Biofumigation +HDZ-9-47	2.00±1.00b	20.00	65.5	3.11±1.17b	31.11	55.0

营养类群Trophic group	目Order	科Family	属Genus	cp值cp value
植物寄生类	垫刃目Tylenchida	异皮科Heteroderidae	根结线虫Meloidogyne	3
Plant parasites			茎线虫Ditylenchus	2
		短体科Pratylenchidae	短体属Pratylenchus	2
			丝尾线虫属Filenchus	2
			小环属Criconemella	3
		垫刃科Tylenchidae	垫刃属Tylenchus	2
食真菌类	滑刃目Aphelenchida	滑刃科Aphelenchoididae	滑刃属Aphelenchoides	2
Fungivorcs		真滑刃科Aphelenchidae	真滑刃属Aphelenchus	2
			长尾线虫属Seinura	2
食细菌类	小杆目Rhabditida	头叶科Cephalobidae	丽突属Acrobeles	2
Bacterivores			拟丽突属Arcobeloides	2
			鹿角唇属Cervidellus	2
		小杆科Rhabditidae	小杆属Rhabditis	1
			广杆属Caenorhabditis	1
			原杆属Protorhabditis	1
		双胃科Diplogasteridae	双胃属Diplogaster	1
杂食/捕食类	矛线目Dorylaimida	长针科Longidoridae	剑线虫Xiphinema	5
Predator/Omnivores		矛线科Dorylaimidae	矛线属Dorylaimus	4
		未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	4
	三矛目Triplochida	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	3
	嘴刺目Enoplida	伊龙科Ironidae	伊龙属Ironus	5
			未知 Unknown	5

营养类群Trophic group	目Order	科Family	属Genus	cp值cp value
植物寄生类	垫刃目Tylenchida	异皮科Heteroderidae	根结线虫Meloidogyne	3
Plant parasites			茎线虫Ditylenchus	2
		短体科Pratylenchidae	短体属Pratylenchus	2
			丝尾线虫属Filenchus	2
			小环属Criconemella	3
		垫刃科Tylenchidae	垫刃属Tylenchus	2
食真菌类	滑刃目Aphelenchida	滑刃科Aphelenchoididae	滑刃属Aphelenchoides	2
Fungivorcs		真滑刃科Aphelenchidae	真滑刃属Aphelenchus	2
			长尾线虫属Seinura	2
食细菌类	小杆目Rhabditida	头叶科Cephalobidae	丽突属Acrobeles	2
Bacterivores			拟丽突属Arcobeloides	2
			鹿角唇属Cervidellus	2
		小杆科Rhabditidae	小杆属Rhabditis	1
			广杆属Caenorhabditis	1
			原杆属Protorhabditis	1
		双胃科Diplogasteridae	双胃属Diplogaster	1
杂食/捕食类	矛线目Dorylaimida	长针科Longidoridae	剑线虫Xiphinema	5
Predator/Omnivores		矛线科Dorylaimidae	矛线属Dorylaimus	4
		未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	4
	三矛目Triplochida	未知 Unknown	未知 Unknown	3
	嘴刺目Enoplida	伊龙科Ironidae	伊龙属Ironus	5
			未知 Unknown	5