植物内生真菌防治根结线虫研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根结线虫病是对农作物危害严重且难以防治的病害，并随着我国设施农业的发展日趋严重。常规的化学防治方法因毒性大、破坏生态环境而不适应农业的可持续发展。作为一种能稳定寄生在作物体内的生物防治真菌，内生真菌通过抑制卵的孵化、降低J2期线虫幼虫活力、抑制线虫的入侵、延缓雌虫发育、减少产卵数目、降低作物根中根结和卵块数量，来实现稳定、高效、安全地防治根结线虫病害。近年来，内生真菌的作用机制得到广泛关注和研究，取得了显著进展。本文综述近年来内生真菌生物防治根结线虫机制的研究进展，总结了内生真菌直接攻击、资源竞争、代谢物胁迫、防御激活等4种主要机制，探讨其存在的问题，以期为进一步开发、应用植物内生真菌进行生物防治提供帮助。

关键词: 内生真菌, 根结线虫, 生物防治, 机制

Abstract:

The diseases caused from root-knot nematode is the one damaging crops seriously but quite difficult to be controlled, and is becoming more and more serious with the development of facility agriculture in China. Conventional chemical control methods are not suitable for sustainable development of agriculture due to high toxicity and ecological damage. As a biological control fungus that can be stably parasitized in crops, endophytic fungi achieve stable, efficient and safe control of root-knot nematode diseases by inhibiting egg hatching, reducing the viability of J2 stage nematode larvae, inhibiting nematode invasion, delaying female development, reducing the number of laid eggs, and decreasing the number of root knots and egg masses in crop roots. In recent years, the action mechanism of endophytic fungi has received extensive attention and research, and significant progress has been earned. This paper reviews the research progress of biological control mechanism of endophytic fungi for root knot-nematode in recent years, summarizes four main mechanisms such as direct attack, resource competition, metabolite stress and defense activation of endophytic fungi, and discusses the existing issues, aiming to provide help for further development and application of plant endophytic fungi control technology.

Key words: endophytic fungi, root-knot nematode, biological control, mechanism

易希, 廖红东, 郑井元. 植物内生真菌防治根结线虫研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(3): 43-51.

YI Xi, LIAO Hong-dong, ZHENG Jing-yuan. Research Progress in Plant Endophytic Fungi for Root-knot Nematode Control[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(3): 43-51.

图/表 3

参考文献 55

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内生真菌种类 Endophytic fungal species	根结线虫种类 Root-knot nematodes species	作物 Crop	对根结线虫的影响 Effect on root-knot nematodes	参考文献 Reference
Fusarium oxysporum 162（Fo162）	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	番茄Solanum lycopersicum 南瓜Cucurbita moschata 甜瓜Cucumis melo	减少线虫入侵番茄根系的数量；阻碍线虫发育；显著减少雌虫产卵数	[13⇓-15]
Acremonium implicatum	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	番茄Solanum lycopersicum	杀死J2期线虫；抑制卵孵化；抑制根结的形成；减少土壤中线虫的数量	[16]
Fusarium oxysporum； F. Solani； Trichoderma asperellum	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	番茄Solanum lycopersicum	减少线虫的入侵及繁殖；使根结线虫卵密度降低	[17]
Phyllosticta Ph511; Chaetomium Ch1001; Trichoderma Tr882; Paecilomyces Pa972; Acremonium Ac985	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	黄瓜Cucumis sativus L.	减少卵块数量；产生了影响J2期线虫运动的化合物	[18]
Chaetomium globosum strain TAMU 520	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	棉花Gossypium spp.	抑制线虫的入侵；减少雌虫的繁殖	[19]
Trichoderma ; Clonostachys	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	印加果Plukenetia volubilis	显著减少了卵块的数量	[20]
Fusarium; Trichoderma	拟禾本科根结线虫 Meloidogyne graminicola	水稻Oryza sativa L.	减少根结数量；使根重增加；使卵块严重程度下降	[21]
Fusarium moniliforme strain Fe14	拟禾本科根结线虫 Meloidogyne graminicola	水稻Oryza sativa L.	减少线虫入侵；提高雄虫比雌虫的比例；延缓幼虫向雌成虫的发育	[22]

内生真菌种类 Endophytic fungal species	根结线虫种类 Root-knot nematodes species	作物 Crop	对根结线虫的影响 Effect on root-knot nematodes	参考文献 Reference
Fusarium oxysporum 162（Fo162）	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	番茄Solanum lycopersicum 南瓜Cucurbita moschata 甜瓜Cucumis melo	减少线虫入侵番茄根系的数量；阻碍线虫发育；显著减少雌虫产卵数	[13⇓-15]
Acremonium implicatum	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	番茄Solanum lycopersicum	杀死J2期线虫；抑制卵孵化；抑制根结的形成；减少土壤中线虫的数量	[16]
Fusarium oxysporum； F. Solani； Trichoderma asperellum	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	番茄Solanum lycopersicum	减少线虫的入侵及繁殖；使根结线虫卵密度降低	[17]
Phyllosticta Ph511; Chaetomium Ch1001; Trichoderma Tr882; Paecilomyces Pa972; Acremonium Ac985	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	黄瓜Cucumis sativus L.	减少卵块数量；产生了影响J2期线虫运动的化合物	[18]
Chaetomium globosum strain TAMU 520	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	棉花Gossypium spp.	抑制线虫的入侵；减少雌虫的繁殖	[19]
Trichoderma ; Clonostachys	南方根结线虫 Meloidogyne incognita	印加果Plukenetia volubilis	显著减少了卵块的数量	[20]
Fusarium; Trichoderma	拟禾本科根结线虫 Meloidogyne graminicola	水稻Oryza sativa L.	减少根结数量；使根重增加；使卵块严重程度下降	[21]
Fusarium moniliforme strain Fe14	拟禾本科根结线虫 Meloidogyne graminicola	水稻Oryza sativa L.	减少线虫入侵；提高雄虫比雌虫的比例；延缓幼虫向雌成虫的发育	[22]