天然生物质材料作为固定化载体的研究应用进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1475

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微生物在实际应用中表现出巨大的功能潜力，但游离的微生物生产成本较高、作用效率较低、环境耐受性较差及可回收率较低，而固定化技术可以提高微生物上述性质且已在多个领域得到应用。固定化方法有多种，以吸附为基础的联合固定取得较显著成果，提高载体材料对微生物的吸附量及吸附力具有重要意义，开发高效、耐用、低廉的载体材料是微生物固定化技术得以推广应用的关键。综述了天然生物质材料固定微生物并用于环境治理的应用现状。对基于生物质材料的载体改性优化及菌丝球替代载体的相关研究进行了总结及展望，强调未来通过化学工程与基因工程相结合的策略调控微生物固定化应用效率。

关键词: 天然生物质, 固定化载体, 微生物, 改性与应用

Abstract:

Microorganism has shown great functional potential in practical application, but the defects of free microorganism causing high production cost, low efficiency, poor environmental tolerance and low recovery inhibit its use, while the immobilization technology can improve the above properties of microorganism and has been applied in many fields. Among various methods, the combined immobilization based on adsorption has achieved remarkable results, and it is of great significance to increase the adsorption capacity and adsorption capacity of carrier materials, thus the development of efficient, durable and low-cost carrier materials is the key to the popularization and application of microbial immobilization technology. In this paper, the application of natural biomass materials as the immobilized carrier of microorganisms for environmental treatment is reviewed. The research on the modification and optimization of carriers based on biomass materials and substitution of mycelium pellets are summarized and prospected. The strategy of combining chemical engineering and genetic engineering to strengthen the application efficiency of microbial immobilization is emphasized in the future.

Key words: natural biomass, immobilization carrier, microbes, modification and application

李焕敏, 高峰涛, 李伟忠, 王金庆, 封佳丽. 天然生物质材料作为固定化载体的研究应用进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(7): 105-112.

LI Huan-min, GAO Feng-tao, LI Wei-zhong, WANG Jin-qing, FENG Jia-li. Progress in Research and Application of Natural Bio-materials as Immobilized Carriers[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 105-112.

图/表 3

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固定化方法Immobilization method	优点Advantage	缺点Disadvantage	载体材料举例Examples of carriers
吸附法 Adsorption	制备简单、条件温和、传质性能好、良好保留微生物/酶活性、成本低廉	结合力弱、抗冲击载荷能力弱、附着不牢	活性炭、高岭土、蛭石、硅藻土、其他多孔材料
包埋法 Embedding	制备比较简单、对微生物活性影响不大、性质稳定、强度高、微生物流失少、成本低廉	空间位阻大，传质阻力大、载体不可再生、不适合固定好氧微生物	琼脂、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇等
交联法 Crosslinking	结合力强、稳定性好	过程复杂、反应条件苛刻且难以控制、不可逆、细胞毒性、一般用于酶固定而不是全细胞固定	戊二醛等

固定化方法Immobilization method	优点Advantage	缺点Disadvantage	载体材料举例Examples of carriers
吸附法 Adsorption	制备简单、条件温和、传质性能好、良好保留微生物/酶活性、成本低廉	结合力弱、抗冲击载荷能力弱、附着不牢	活性炭、高岭土、蛭石、硅藻土、其他多孔材料
包埋法 Embedding	制备比较简单、对微生物活性影响不大、性质稳定、强度高、微生物流失少、成本低廉	空间位阻大，传质阻力大、载体不可再生、不适合固定好氧微生物	琼脂、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇等
交联法 Crosslinking	结合力强、稳定性好	过程复杂、反应条件苛刻且难以控制、不可逆、细胞毒性、一般用于酶固定而不是全细胞固定	戊二醛等