观赏植物花斑形成调控机制的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0242

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花瓣上出现的独特色彩图案又称花瓣彩斑（花斑），花斑不仅是植物重要的观赏性状，还能起到吸引昆虫、抵御天敌和适应环境变化等多种作用，在生物进化上具有重要的意义。本文综述了近年来观赏植物花斑形成的相关进展，总结了花斑形成的遗传规律和影响因素。重点描述了色素合成途径结构基因和转录因子在花斑形成中的重要作用，即结构基因的时空特异性表达和竞争机制，促进了不同种类的色素在花瓣中差异积累；而转录因子通过直接或间接调控结构基因的定位表达参与花斑的形成。此外，本文还归纳了观赏植物花斑形成中的其他调控机制，如转录后调控、翻译后调控和甲基化等，汇总了花斑形成的分子调控网络，以期为观赏植物花斑形成的分子机理研究提供新视角。

关键词: 花斑形成, 类黄酮, 分子机制

Abstract:

Many ornamental plants have various coloration patterns on their flower petals; these flower color variations are called flower spots. Flower spot is a very important ornamental characteristic of plants and have great significance in evolutionary biology. It could help plants to attract pollinators, defend against natural enemies and adapt to environmental changes. In this paper we reviewed recent advances in the molecular mechanism of flower spots formation, and then summarized the genetic law and influencing factors of flower spots formation. Moreover, we described the important roles of structural genes and transcription factors（TFs）related to pigment synthesis in the formation of flower spots in detail, i.e., the spatiotemporal specific expression and competition mechanism of structural genes promote the pigments differential accumulation in petals. TFs participate in the coloration patterns formation by directly or indirectly regulating the positioning expressions of structural genes. Furthermore, we introduced other regulation mechanisms, such as post-transcriptional regulation, post-translation regulation and methylation, and gathered the molecular regulatory network of flower spots formation, aiming to provide a new perspective for studying the molecular mechanism of flower spots formation in plants.

Key words: flower spots formation, flavonoid, molecular mechanism

齐方婷, 黄河. 观赏植物花斑形成调控机制的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(10): 17-28.

QI Fang-ting, HUANG He. Research Advance in the Regulation Mechanism of Flower Spots Formation in Ornamental Plant[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(10): 17-28.

图/表 2

图1 规则和不规则型花斑 a：金鱼草（Antirrhinum majus）的脉络花纹[10]；b：紫斑牡丹（P. rockii）的斑块[11]；c：杂种百合（Lilium spp.）的斑点[12]；d：瓜叶菊（Senecio cruentus）‘小丑’双色花[13]；e：矮牵牛花边[14]；f：矮牵牛星型花斑[14]；g：南非雏菊（Gorteria diffusa）花眼[15]；h：大花蕙兰（Cymbidium orchid）蜜导区域[16]；i：大丽花洒金[17]；j：跳枝桃花[18]；k：牡丹‘二乔’[11]；m：非洲紫罗兰（Saintpilia. ionantha）二色[19]

Fig. 1 Regular and irregular flower spots a: A. majus showing venosa phenotype[10]; b: blotch pattern in the P. rockii[11]; c: Lilium spp. present spots in the petals[12]; d: S. cruentus ‘Jester’ having bicolor flower[13]; e: picotee type flower in P. hybrida[14]; f: star type flower in P. hybrida[14]; g: G. diffusa showing a unique “eye” pattern in ray florets[15]; h: C. orchid presenting a differential coloration in nectar guide[16]; i: variational coloration type in D. variabilis[17]; j: P. persica showing two-color and variegated flowers in one single plant[18]; k: flower in P. suffruticosa ‘Er Qiao’ presenting various coloration type[11]; m: S. ionantha showing pink-purple flower[19]

图2 花斑形成的多种调控机制

Fig. 2 Multiple regulation mechanisms of the flower spots formation

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