微生物对食用菌生长发育影响的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0933

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

食用菌已经成为我国继粮、油、果、蔬后的第五大种植业。食用菌作为一类大型真菌，目前主要采用纯培养技术进行栽培，然而在自然界中食用菌与各种微生物并存，并且在长期的演化中形成了复杂的相互关系，根据其对食用菌的影响，可分为有害微生物和有益微生物，常见的有害微生物包括竞争性杂菌和侵染性病原；有益微生物主要包括覆土微生物、伴生菌、生防类微生物等。在农作物生产中，人们根据土壤微生物和根际微生物的营养、促生、抗病等功能，开发出多种微生物肥料和菌剂，有效的推动了作物的优质高产，而食用菌在菌丝际微生物的研究和开发尚未起步。本文对目前关于食用菌和其他微生物之间相互关系的研究进展进行综述，旨在推动相关研究，为下一步食用菌新种类的驯化，以及高产、稳产、优质、高抗、广适和绿色生产提供新的思路。

关键词: 食用菌, 微生物, 竞争性杂菌, 侵染性病原, 伴生菌, 覆土微生物, 生防微生物

Abstract:

Edible mushrooms have become the fifth largest cultivation industry in China after grain, oil, fruit and vegetables. Edible mushrooms, as a type of macrofungi, are mainly cultivated using pure culture technology at present. However, edible mushrooms coexist with various microorganisms in nature, and have formed a complex interrelationship in the long-term evolution. According to their impact on edible fungi, the microorganisms can be divided into harmful and beneficial microorganisms. The common harmful microorganisms include competitive microorganisms and infectious pathogens. The beneficial microorganisms mainly include casing microorganisms, companionate microorganisms, bio-controlling microorganisms, etc. In crop production, a variety of microbial fertilizers and microbial agent with nutritional, growth promoting, and disease resistant functions have been developed according to the interrelationship between plants and rhizosphere microorganisms, and have effectively promoted the quality and yield of crops. However, those studies and development of edible mushrooms in hyphosphere microorganisms are still in the early stages. This article briefly summarizes the current research progress on the interrelationship between edible mushrooms and other microorganisms, aiming to promote relevant research and to provide new ideas for the domestication of new species of edible mushrooms in the next step, as well as high yield, stable yield, high quality, high resistance, wide suitability and green production.

Key words: edible mushrooms, microorganism, competitive microorganism, infectious pathogen, companionate microorganisms, microorganism in casing soil, bio-controlling microorganism

崔嫚, 邵改革, 杨诺林, 范庆昊, 张金威, 田雨, 郑素月, 张瑞颖. 微生物对食用菌生长发育影响的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(5): 13-22.

CUI Man, SHAO Gai-ge, YANG Nuo-lin, FAN Qing-hao, ZHANG Jin-wei, TIAN Yu, ZHENG Su-yue, ZHANG Rui-ying. Research Progress in the Effects of Microorganisms on the Growth and Development of Edible Mushrooms[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(5): 13-22.

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食用菌Edible mushroom	覆土中的有益微生物Beneficial microbes in casing soil	参考文献Reference
白肉灵芝Ganoderma leucocontextum	鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas、黏液杆菌属Mucilaginibacter、苔藓杆菌属Bryobacter、慢生根瘤菌属Bradyrhizobium	[61]
羊肚菌Morchella spp.	节杆菌属Arthrobacter、慢生根瘤菌属Bradyhizobium、德沃斯氏菌属Devosia、假节杆菌属Pseudarthrobacter	[62]
暗褐网柄牛肝菌Phlebopus portentosus	慢生根瘤菌属Bradyrhizobium、Roseiarcus属、Pseudolabrys属	[63]
大球盖菇Stropharia rugosoannulata	酸杆菌门Acidobacteria	[64]

食用菌Edible mushroom	覆土中的有益微生物Beneficial microbes in casing soil	参考文献Reference
白肉灵芝Ganoderma leucocontextum	鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas、黏液杆菌属Mucilaginibacter、苔藓杆菌属Bryobacter、慢生根瘤菌属Bradyrhizobium	[61]
羊肚菌Morchella spp.	节杆菌属Arthrobacter、慢生根瘤菌属Bradyhizobium、德沃斯氏菌属Devosia、假节杆菌属Pseudarthrobacter	[62]
暗褐网柄牛肝菌Phlebopus portentosus	慢生根瘤菌属Bradyrhizobium、Roseiarcus属、Pseudolabrys属	[63]
大球盖菇Stropharia rugosoannulata	酸杆菌门Acidobacteria	[64]